Music: Teachers Of

1Ch 15:22; 25:7, 8; 2Ch 23:13

Music: Physical Effect Of

On man,

1Sa 16:15, 16, 23.

Music: Discoursed during the Offering of Sacrifices

2Ch 29:27, 28

Music: Precentor

Neh 12:42

Music: Chief Musician

Neh 12:42; Hab 3:19

Music: Chambers for Musicians in the Temple

In Ezekiel's vision,

Eze 40:44.

Music: In Heaven

Rev 5:8, 9; 14:2, 3; 15:2, 3

Music: Instruments Of:

Invented by Jubal,

Gen 4:21;

by David,

1Ch 23:5; 2Ch 7:6; 29:26; Amo 6:5.

Made by Solomon,

1Ki 10:12; 2Ch 9:11; Ecc 2:8;

by Tyrians,

Eze 28:13.

CORNET,

Dan 3:5, 7, 10.

See TRUMPET

CYMBAL

See CYMBAL

DULCIMER, a double pipe,

Dan 3:5, 10, 15.

FLUTE,

Dan 3:5, 7, 10, 15.

GITTITH, a stringed instrument,

Psa 8; 81; 84 [titles].

HARP

See HARP

ORGAN, probably composed of pipes furnishing a number of notes,

Gen 4:21; Job 21:12; 30:31; Psa 150:4.

PIPE

See PIPE

PSALTERY

See PSALTERY

SACKBUT, a harp,

Dan 3:5, 7, 10, 15.

TABRET

See TIMBREL

TIMBREL, a tambourine.

See TIMBREL

TRUMPET

See TRUMPET

VIOL, a lyre,

Isa 5:12; 14:11; Amo 5:23; 6:5.

Music: Symbols Used In:

ALAMOTH

Literally virgins. A musical term which appears in

1Ch 15:20

and in the title of

Psa 46.

It seems to indicate the rendering of the song by female voices, possibly soprano.

AL-TASCHITH

It appears in the titles of

Psa 57; 58; 59; 75.

and seems to have been used to indicate the kind of ode, or the kind of melody in which the ode should be sung.

HIGGAION

In Psa 92:3,

according to Gesenius, it signifies the murmuring tone of a harp, and hence that the music should be rendered in a plaintive manner.

In Psa 9:16,

combined with "Selah," it may have been intended to indicate a pause in the vocal music while the instruments rendered an interlude.

In Psa 19:14,

Mendelssohn translates it "meditation, thought." Hence that the music was to be rendered in a mode to promote devout meditation.

MAHALATH, MASCHIL, LEANNOTH

These terms are found in the titles of

Psa 53; and 88.

Authorities grope in darkness as to their signification. They may indicate the instruments to be played, or the melody to be sung.

MASCHIL

This musical sign occurs in the titles of

Psa 32; 42; 44; 45; 52; 53; 54; 55; 74; 78; 88; 89; 142.

The meaning is obscure. But its signification where it occurs elsewhere than in the titles of Psalms is equivalent to the English word "instruction," or to become wise by instruction; hence,

Ps 47:7,

"Sing ye praises with understanding."

MICAHTAM

A musical term in the titles of

Psa 16; 56; 57; 58; 59; 60

Luther interprets this as "golden," that is, "precious." Ewald interprets it as signifying a plaintive manner.

MUTH-LABBEN

In the title of

Psa 9:1.

Authorities, ancient and modern, differ as to the probable signification. Gesenius and De Wette interpret it, "with the voice of virgins, by boys." Others derive the word from a different Hebrew root, and interpret it as indicating that the Psalm was a funeral ode.

NEGINAH AND NEGINOTH

Appear in the titles of

Psa 4; 54; 55; 61; 67; Hab 3:19.

Its use seems to have been to indicate that the song should be accompanied by stringed instruments.

NEHILOTH

In the title of

Psa 5.

It seems to indicate, according to Gesenius, that when this Psalm was sung it was to be accompanied by wind instruments.

SELAH

This term appears frequently in the Psalms. Its use is not known. Possibly it signified a pause in the vocal music while an instrumental interlude or finale was rendered.

SHEMINITH

In the titles of

Psa 6; and 12,

translated "eighth," probably indicates the measure, movement, or pitch.

SHIGGAION

In the title of

Psa 7,

and its plural,

SHIGIONOTH,

in the title of

Hab 3,

are supposed to have been a musical term to guide in rendering the song. At the close of the chapter the author refers the ode "to the chief musician, on my stringed instruments." The term may suggest the movement in interpreting the music set to it.

SHOSHANNIM AND SHUSHAN-EDUTH

In the titles to

Psa 45; 60; 69; 80,

seem to indicate the manner in which these Psalms were to be rendered. Kimchi, Tremellius, and Eichhorn render it "hexachorda," that is, that in singing these Psalms instruments of six strings were to accompany.

Music: Unclassified Scriptures Relating To

Gen 31:27; Exd 15:1, 20, 21; 21:17-20; Jdg 5:1-3; 11:34; 1Sa 18:6, 7; 2Sa 19:35; 1Ki 1:40; 1Ch 6:31, 32; 15:16-22, 24, 27, 28; 16:4-39, 41, 42; 23:3, 5, 6, 27, 30; 25:1, 5, 6, 7, 8; 2Ch 5:12, 13; 20:19, 21, 22, 28; 23:13, 18; 29:25-28; 31:2; 35:15, 25; Ezr 2:64; 3:10, 11; Neh 12:24, 27-31; Job 21:12; 30:31; Psa 33:1-4; 68:4, 25, 26, 32-35; 81:1-3; 87:7; 92:1-3; 95:1, 2; 98:1-8; 104:33; 105:2; 135:1, 2, 3; 137:1-6; 144:9; 149:1-3, 6; 150:1-6; Pro 25:20; Ecc 2:8; Isa 5:12; 14:11; 16:10; 23:16; 24:8, 9; 30:29, 32; Jer 31:4; Eze 26:13; 33:32; Dan 3:4, 6, 7; Amo 6:5; 8:10; Mat 9:23; 11:17; Mar 14:26; 1Cr 14:15; Eph 5:19; Col 3:16; Hbr 2:12; Rev 14:2, 3; 18:22

Music: References Concerning

See PRAISE; PSALMS