Hebron:
a community; alliance. (1.) A city in the south end of the valley of Eshcol, about midway between Jerusalem and Beersheba, from which it is distant about 20 miles in a straight line. It was built "seven years before Zoan in Egypt" (Gen 13:18; Num 13:22). It still exists under the same name, and is one of the most ancient cities in the world. Its earlier name was Kirjath-arba (Gen 23:2; Jos 14:15; 15:3). But "Hebron would appear to have been the original name of the city, and it was not till after Abraham's stay there that it received the name Kirjath-arba, who [i.e., Arba] was not the founder but the conqueror of the city, having led thither the tribe of the Anakim, to which he belonged. It retained this name till it came into the possession of Caleb, when the Israelites restored the original name Hebron" (Keil, Com.). The name of this city does not occur in any of the prophets or in the New Testament. It is found about forty times in the Old. It was the favorite home of Abraham. Here he pitched his tent under the oaks of Mamre, by which name it came afterwards to be known; and here Sarah died, and was buried in the cave of Machpelah (Gen 23:17-20), which he bought from Ephron the Hittite. From this place the patriarch departed for Egypt by way of Beersheba (37:14; 46:1). It was taken by Joshua and given to Caleb (Jos 10:36,37; 12:10; 14:13). It became a Levitical city and a city of refuge (20:7; 21:11). When David became king of Judah this was his royal residence, and he resided here for seven and a half years (2Sa 5:5); and here he was anointed as king over all Israel (2Sa 2:1-4,11; 1Ki 2:11). It became the residence also of the rebellious Absalom (2Sa 15:10), who probably expected to find his chief support in the tribe of Judah, now called el-Khulil.
In one part of the modern city is a great mosque, which is built over the grave of Machpelah. The first European who was permitted to enter this mosque was the Prince of Wales in 1862. It was also visited by the Marquis of Bute in 1866, and by the late Emperor Frederick of Germany (then Crown-Prince of Prussia) in 1869.
One of the largest oaks in Palestine is found in the valley of Eshcol, about 3 miles north of the town. It is supposed by some to be the tree under which Abraham pitched his tent, and is called "Abraham's oak." (See OAK.)
(2.) The third son of Kohath the Levite (Exd 6:18; 1Ch 6:2,18).
(3.) 1Ch 2:42, 43.
(4.) A town in the north border of Asher (Jos 19:28).
Hebron:
society; friendship
Hebron: 1. A City of the Territory of the Tribe of Asher
Jos 19:28
Hebron: 2. A City of the Tribe of Judah, South of Jerusalem
When built,
Num 13:22.
Fortified,
2Ch 11:10.
Called
KIRJATH-ARBA,
Gen 23:2;
ARBA,
Gen 35:27; Jos 15:13.
Abraham lived there and Sarah died at,
Gen 23:2.
Hoham, king of, confederated with other kings of the Canaanites against Joshua,
Jos 10:3-39.
Descendants of the Anakim live at,
Num 13:22; Jos 11:21.
Conquest of, by Caleb,
Jos 14:6-15; Jdg 1:10, 20.
A city of refuge,
Jos 20:7; 21:11, 13.
David crowned king of Judah at,
2Sa 2:1-11; 3;
of Israel,
2Sa 5:1-5.
The burial place of Sarah,
Gen 23:2;
Abner,
2Sa 3:32;
Ish-bosheth,
2Sa 4:12.
The conspirators against Ish-bosheth hanged at,
2Sa 4:12.
Absalom made king at,
2Sa 15:9, 10.
Jews of the Babylonian captivity lived at,
Neh 11:25.
Pool of,
2Sa 4:12.
Hebron: 3. Son of Kohath
Exd 6:18; Num 3:19; 1Ch 6:2, 18; 23:12, 19
Hebron: 4. The Patronymic of Mareshah
1Ch 2:42, 43; 15:9
Hebron:
(alliance).
(1.) The third son of Kohath, who was the second son of Levi (Exodus 6:18; Numbers 3:19; 1 Chronicles 6:2; 6:18; 23:12). He was the founder of a family of Hebronites (Numbers 3:27; 26:58; 1 Chronicles 26:23; 26:30-31) or Bene‐Hebron (1 Chronicles 15:9; 23:19).
(2.) A city of Judah (Joshua 15:54) situated among the mountains (Joshua 20:7). 20 Roman miles south of Jerusalem, and the same distance north of Beersheba. Hebron is one of the most ancient cities in the world still existing; and in this respect it is the rival of Damascus. It was a well‐known town when Abraham entered Canaan, 3,800 years ago (Genesis 13:18). Its original name was Kirjath‐arba (Judges 1:10). "the city of Arba;" so called from Arba the father of Anak (Joshua 15:13-14; 21:13). Sarah died at Hebron; and Abraham then bought from Ephron the Hittite the field and cave of Machpelah, to serve as a family tomb (Genesis 23:2-20). The cave is still there, and the massive walls of the Haram or mosque, within which it lies, form the most remarkable object in the whole city. Abraham is called by Mohammedans el‐Khulil, "the Friend," i.e. of God, and this is the modern name of Hebron. Hebron now contains about 5,000 inhabitants, of whom some fifty families are Jews. It is picturesquely situated in a narrow valley, surrounded by rocky hills. The valley runs from north to south; and the main quarter of the town, surmounted by the lofty walls of the venerable Haram, lies partly on the eastern slope (Genesis 37:14 compare Genesis 23:19). About a mile from the town, up the valley, is one of the largest oak trees in Palestine. This, say some, is the very tree beneath which Abraham pitched his tent, and it still bears the name of the patriarch.
(3.) One of the towns in the territory of Asher (Joshua 19:28) probably Ebdon or Abdom.
Oak:
There are six Hebrew words rendered "oak."
(1.) 'El occurs only in the word El-paran (Gen 14:6). The LXX. renders by "terebinth." In the plural form this word occurs in Isa 1:29; 57:5 (A.V. marg. and R.V., "among the oaks"); 61:3 ("trees"). The word properly means strongly, mighty, and hence a strong tree.
(2.) 'Elah, Gen 35:4, "under the oak which was by Shechem" (R.V. marg., "terebinth"). Isa 6:13, A.V., "teil-tree;" R.V., "terebinth." Isa 1:30, R.V. marg., "terebinth." Absalom in his flight was caught in the branches of a "great oak" (2Sa 18:9; R.V. marg., "terebinth").
(3.) 'Elon, Jdg 4:11; 9:6 (R.V., "oak; " A.V., following the Targum, "plain") properly the deciduous species of oak shedding its foliage in autumn.
(4.) 'Elan, only in Dan 4:11,14,20, rendered "tree" in Nebuchadnezzar's dream. Probably some species of the oak is intended.
(5.) 'Allah, Jos 24:26. The place here referred to is called Allon-moreh ("the oak of Moreh," as in R.V.) in Gen 12:6 and 35:4.
(6.) 'Allon, always rendered "oak." Probably the evergreen oak (called also ilex and holm oak) is intended. The oak woods of Bashan are frequently alluded to (Isa 2:13; Eze 27:6). Three species of oaks are found in Palestine, of which the "prickly evergreen oak" (Quercus coccifera) is the most abundant. "It covers the rocky hills of Palestine with a dense brushwood of trees from 8 to 12 feet high, branching from the base, thickly covered with small evergreen rigid leaves, and bearing acorns copiously." The so-called Abraham's oak at Hebron is of this species. Tristram says that this oak near Hebron "has for several centuries taken the place of the once renowned terebinth which marked the site of Mamre on the other side of the city. The terebinth existed at Mamre in the time of Vespasian, and under it the captive Jews were sold as slaves. It disappeared about A.D. 330, and no tree now marks the grove of Mamre. The present oak is the noblest tree in Southern Palestine, being 23 feet in girth, and the diameter of the foliage, which is unsymmetrical, being about 90 feet." (See HEBRON; TEIL TREE.)
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