Blindness:
blind'-ness (awar, and variants; tuphlos): The word blind is used as a verb, as Joh 12:40, usually in the sense of obscuring spiritual perception. In reference to physical blindness it is used as a noun frequently or else as an adjective with the noun man. There are 54 references to this condition, and there is no reason to believe, as has been surmised, that blindness was any less rife in ancient times than it is now, when defective eyes and bleared, inflamed lids are among the commonest and most disgusting sights in a Palestine crowd. In the Papyrus Ebers (1500 BC) there are enumerated a number of diseases of the eye and a hundred prescriptions are given for their treatment. That the disease occurred in children and caused destruction and atrophy of the eyeball is testified to by the occurrence of a considerable number of mummy heads, in which there is marked diminution in size of one orbit. The commonest disease is a purulent ophthalmia, a highly infectious condition propagated largely by the flies which can be seen infesting the crusts of dried secretion undisturbed even on the eyes of infants. (In Egypt there is a superstition that it is unlucky to disturb them.) This almost always leaves the eyes damaged with bleared lids, opacities of the cornea, and sometimes extensive internal injury as well. Like other plagues, this disease was thought to be a Divine infliction (Ex 4:11). Minor forms of the disease destroy the eyelashes and produce the unsightly tender-eyes (in Ge 29:17 the word rakh may mean simply "weak").
Blindness from birth is the result of a form of this disease known as ophthalmia neonatorum which sets in a few days after birth. I have seen cases of this disease in Palestine. Sometimes ophthalmia accompanies malarial fever (Le 26:16). All these diseases are aggravated by sand, and the sun glare, to which the unprotected inflamed eyes are exposed. Most of the extreme cases which one sees are beyond remedy-and hence, the giving of sight to the blind is generally put in the front of the mighty works of healing by our Lord. The methods used by Him in these miracles varied probably according to the degree of faith in the blind man; all were merely tokens, not intended as remedies. The case of the man in Mr 8:22 whose healing seemed gradual is an instance of the phenomenon met with in cases where, by operation, sight has been given to one congenitally blind, where it takes some time before he can interpret his new sensations.
The blindness of old age, probably from senile cataract, is described in the cases of Eli at 98 years of age (1Sa 3:2; 4:15), Ahijah (1Ki 14:4), and Isaac (Ge 27:1). The smiting of Elymas (Ac 13:11) and the Syrian soldiers (2Ki 6:18) was either a miraculous intervention or more probably a temporary hypnotism; that of Paul (Ac 9:8) was doubtless a temporary paralysis of the retinal cells from the bright light. The "scales" mentioned were not material but in the restoration of his sight it seemed as if scales had fallen from his eyes. It probably left behind a weakness of the eyes (see THORN IN THE FLESH). That blindness of Tobit (Tobit 2:10), from the irritation of sparrows' dung, may have been some form of conjunctivitis, and the cure by the gall of the fish is paralleled by the account given in Pliny (xxxii.24) where the gall of the fish Callionymus Lyra is recommended as an application in some cases of blindness. The hypothesis that the gall was used as a pigment to obscure the whiteness of an opaque cornea (for which Indian ink tattooing has been recommended, not as a cure but to remove the unsightliness of a white spot) has nothing in its favor for thereby the sight would not be restored. The only other reference to medicaments is the figurative mention of eyesalve in Re 3:18.
Blindness unfitted a man for the priesthood (Le 21:18); but care of the blind was specially enjoined in the Law (Le 19:14), and offenses against them are regarded as breaches of Law (De 27:18).
Figuratively, blindness is used to represent want of mental perception, want of prevision, recklessness, and incapacity to perceive moral distinctions (Isa 42:16,18,19; Mt 23:16 ff; Joh 9:39 ff).
Written by Alexander Macalister
← BlindingBlindness,Blindness: Disqualified for Priestly Office
Lev 21:18
Blindness: Of Animals, Disqualified for a Sacrifice
Lev 22:22; Deu 15:21; Mal 1:8
Blindness: Miraculously Inflicted Upon
The Sodomites,
Gen 19:11;
Syrians,
2Ki 6:18-23;
Saul of Tarsus,
Act 9:8, 9;
Elymas,
Act 13:11.
Blindness: Sent as a Judgment
Deu 28:28
Blindness: Miraculous Healing Of
Mat 9:27-30; 11:5; 12:22; 21:14;
of Bartimaeus,
Mat 20:30-34; Mar 10:46-52;
a man of Bethsaida,
Mar 8:22-25;
man born blind,
Jhn 9:1-7.
Blindness: Instances Of
Isaac,
Gen 27:1.
Jacob,
Gen 48:10.
Eli,
1Sa 4:15.
Ahijah,
1Ki 14:4.
Blindness: Spiritual
Exd 5:2; Deu 29:4; 32:28, 29; Jdg 16:20; Job 21:14; 22:13, 14; Psa 10:5, 6; 14:1, 4; 73:2-28; 79:6; 82:5; 92:6; 94:7, 8; 95:10; 119:18; Pro 1:7, 22, 29, 30; 4:19; 7:7-23; 10:21; 13:18; 14:12; 17:16; 19:2, 3; 28:5; Ecc 7:25; Isa 1:3; 5:13, 20; 6:9, 10; 9:2; 26:10, 11; 27:11; 28:13, 15; 29:10-12; 40:21, 27, 28; 42:6, 7, 18-20; 44:18-20; 48:8; 53:1; 56:10; 60:2; Jer 2:8; 4:22; 5:4, 5, 21; 8:7-9; 9:3, 6; 16:10; 17:9; Eze 12:2; Dan 12:10; Hsa 4:1, 6, 14; 5:4; 7:11; Amo 9:10; Mic 4:12; Mat 5:15, 16; 6:23; 13:13-16, 19; 15:14; 16:3; 22:29; 23:16-24, 26; Mar 4:11, 12, 15; 6:52; 7:18; 12:24; Luk 4:18; 8:10, 12; 11:52; 12:48, 57; 19:42; 23:34; Jhn 1:5, 10; 3:4, 7, 9-12, 19, 20, 31; 4:10, 11, 15, 22; 6:52, 60; 7:28; 8:12, 15, 19, 27, 33, 42, 43, 52, 54, 55, 57; 9:29-39; 12:38-41; 14:17; 15:21; 16:2, 3; 17:25; Act 3:17; 13:27; 17:23; 19:2; 26:18; Rom 1:19-22; 2:4; 11:25; 1Cr 1:18, 20, 21; 2:8, 14, 15; 15:34; 2Cr 3:14, 15; 4:3, 4, 6; Gal 4:8; Eph 4:18; 5:8; Col 1:13; 1Th 4:4, 5; 5:4-7; 2Th 1:8; 2:1, 12; 2Ti 3:7; Tts 1:16; Hbr 5:11, 12; 1Pe 1:14; 2:9; 2Pe 1:9; 3:16; 1Jo 1:6, 8; 2:4, 9, 11; 3:1, 6; 4:8; 3Jo 1:11; Jud 1:10; Rev 3:17
See AFFLICTION, OBDURACY IN; MAN, IGNORANCE OF;
GOD, PROVIDENCE OF, MISUNDERSTOOD.
Blindness: More Instances Of
Israelites,
Num 16; 17.
Moab,
2Ki 3:27.
Scribes,
Mat 9:3.
See in the printed text above for other instances.
Blindness:
is extremely common in the East from many causes. Blind beggars figure repeatedly in the New Testament (Matthew 12:22) and "opening the eyes of the blind" is mentioned in prophecy as a peculiar attribute of the Messiah (Isaiah 29:18; 42:7 etc.). The Jews were specially charged to treat the blind with compassion and care (Leviticus 19:14; 27:18). Blindness willfully inflicted for political or other purposes is alluded to in Scripture (1 Samuel 11:2; Jeremiah 39:7).
Afflictions and Adversities: Miscellany of Minor Sub-Topics
God regulates the measure of afflictions,
Psa 80:5; Isa 9:1; Jer 46:28;
determines the continuance of,
Gen 15:13, 14; Num 14:33; Isa 10:25; Jer 29:10;
does not willingly send,
Lam 3:33.
Man is born to,
Job 5:6, 7; 14:1.
Saints appointed to,
1Th 3:3.
Consequent upon the fall,
Gen 3:16-19.
Sin produces,
Job 4:8; 20:11; Pro 1:31.
Sinners corrected by,
2Sa 12:14; Psa 89:30-32; Isa 57:17; Act 13:10, 11.
Often severe,
Job 16:7-16; Psa 42:7; 66:12; Jon 2:3; Rev 7:14.
Always less than deserved,
Ezr 9:13; Psa 103:10.
Results of, good,
Gen 50:20; Exd 1:11, 12; Deu 8:15, 16; Jer 24:5, 6; Eze 20:37.
Tempered with mercy,
Psa 78:38, 39; 106:43-46; Isa 30:18-21; Lam 3:32; Mic 7:7-9; Nah 1:12.
Afflictions and Adversities: Of Saints
To be expected,
Jhn 16:33; Act 14:22.
Comparatively light,
Act 20:23; 24; Rom 8:18; 2Cr 4:17.
Temporary,
Psa 30:5; 103:9; Isa 54:7, 8; Jhn 16:20; 1Pe 1:6; 5:10;
joy under,
Job 5:17; Jam 5:11;
end in joy and blessedness,
Psa 126:5, 6; Isa 61:2, 3; Mat 5:4; 1Pe 4:13, 14;
often arise from the profession of the gospel,
Mat 24:9; Jhn 15:21; 2Ti 3:11, 12.
Exhibit the love and faithfulness of God,
Deu 8:5; Psa 119:75; Pro 3:12; 1Cr 11:32; Hbr 12:6, 7; Rev 3:19.
Afflictions and Adversities: Of the Wicked
God is glorified in,
Exd 14:4; Eze 38:22, 23.
God holds in derision,
Psa 37:13; Pro 1:26, 27.
Are multiplied,
Deu 31:17; Job 20:5; 21:17; Psa 32:10;
continual,
Job 15:20; Ecc 2:23; Isa 32:10;
often sudden,
Psa 73:19; Pro 6:15; Isa 30:13; Rev 18:10.
Are often judicially sent,
Job 21:17; Psa 107:17; Jer 30:15.
Are for examples to others,
Psa 64:7-9; Zep 3:6, 7; 1Cr 10:5, 11; 2Pe 2:6.
Are ineffectual for their conversion,
Exd 9:30; Isa 9:13; Jer 2:30; Hag 2:17.
Their persecution of saints, a cause of,
Deu 30:7; Psa 55:19; Zec 2:9; 2Th 1:6.
Impenitence is a cause of,
Pro 1:30, 31; Eze 24:13; Amo 4:6-12; Zec 7:11, 12; Rev 2:21; 22.
Sometimes humble them,
1Ki 21:27.
Frequently harden,
Neh 9:28, 29; Jer 5:3.
Produce slavish fear,
Job 15:24; Psa 73:19; Jer 49:3, 5.
Saints should not be alarmed at,
Pro 3:25, 26.
Afflictions and Adversities: Exemplified
In Pharaoh and the Egyptians,
Exd 9:14, 15; 14:24, 25;
Ahaziah,
2Ki 1:1-4;
Gehazi,
2Ki 5:27;
Jehoram,
2Ch 21:12-19;
Uzziah,
2Ch 26:19-21;
Ahaz, etc.,
2Ch 28:5-8, 22.
Afflictions and Adversities: Forsaken by Friends In
Instances of:
Job 2:9; 19:13-19
David,
Psa 31:11, 12; 41:9; 88:8, 18
Jesus,
Mat 26:56
Paul,
2Ti 4:16.
National lessons from,
Joe 1; 2.
Afflictions and Adversities: Unclassified Scriptures Relating To
Gen 3:16, 17; Deu 8:5; 2Sa 7:14; Job 3:1-26; 5:6, 7, 17, 18; 6:1-30; 7:2-6; 9:18; 12:5; 14:1, 22; 16:6-14; 17:7-16; 19:7-20; 23:10; 30:15-19; 33:19-22; 36:8-12, 15; Psa 6:6, 7; 18:4-6; 31:9-13; 32:3, 4; 39:1-4; 42:6, 7; 55:4-8; 66:10-12; 69:1-3, 20; 73:10; 77:2-4; 80:5, 6; 88:3-18; 89:32; 90:10; 102:3-11; 107:4, 5, 10, 17-19; 109:22-24; 116:3; 141:7; 143:3, 4; Pro 3:11, 12; 12:25; 13:12; 14:10, 13; 15:13, 15; 17:3, 22; 18:14; Ecc 2:22, 23; 7:2-4; Isa 1:6; 24:1-16; 26:16, 17; 48:10; Lam 1:7, 12; 3:1-36; Zec 13:9; Mar 9:49; Jhn 15:2; 16:33; 2Cr 1:8, 9; 4:7-12, 16, 17; 6:4-10; 11:23-30; Hbr 12:6, 7, 9; 1Pe 5:9; Rev 3:19
See PENITENTS; PERSECUTION; POOR; SORROW; TEMPTATION.
Afflictions and Adversities: Benefits Of
1Ki 8:33, 35, 47-53; Deu 4:30, 31; 30:1, 2; 2Ch 6:28-31; Job 5:6-11, 17; 23:10; Psa 94:12, 13; Pro 3:11, 12; Hbr 12:5; Ecc 7:2, 3; Isa 19:20, 22; 26:9; 27:9; Jer 2:27; 22:22, 23; 31:19; Lam 3:27, 28; Eze 20:37, 43; 6:9; Hsa 2:6, 7; 5:15; Rom 5:3, 4; 8:17, 28; 2Cr 4:17; Phl 1:12-14, 19; Hbr 12:5; Jam 1:2-4, 12; 1Pe 1:7; 4:14
Afflictions and Adversities: Benefits Of, Illustrated
Gen 22:12, 16-18; 32:11; 42:21; Exd 9:27, 28; 10:7, 16, 17; 12:31-33; Num 21:7; Jdg 10:6-8, 10; 1Sa 12:9, 10; 1Ki 13:1-10; 2Ch 15:4; 33:12, 13; Ezr 9:5-15; Neh 9:32; Job 34:31, 32; 40:1-5; Psa 18:4-6; 66:10-12; 78:34, 35; 119:67, 71; Isa 26:16; Jer 31:18, 19; Lam 3:19, 20; Hsa 6:1; Jon 2:1-10; Luk 15:11-24; Act 8:24
Afflictions and Adversities: Exemplified
Joseph's brethren,
Gen 42:21.
Joseph,
Gen 45:5, 7, 8.
Israel,
Deu 8:3, 5.
Josiah,
2Ki 22:19.
Hezekiah,
2Ch 32:25, 26.
Manasseh,
2Ch 33:12.
Jonah,
Jon 2:7.
Prodigal son,
Luk 15:21.
Afflictions and Adversities: Consolation In
Gen 21:17; 16:7-13; 26:17, 33; 31:42; Exd 3:7, 8, 16, 17; 14:13, 14; Deu 33:27; 2Sa 22:28; Job 5:6-27; 11:16-19; 16:5; 29:25; 31:19-22; 35:10; Psa 9:9, 10; 23:4; 27:5, 6; 30:5; 31:7; 34:4, 19, 20; 37:23, 24, 32, 33; 41:3; 42:5; 46:1; 50:15; 55:22; 56:8-10; 62:1, 2, 5-8, 11, 12; 68:6; 69:20, 33; 71:20; 73:26; 94:17-19; 103:13, 14; 112:4; 119:50, 52, 54, 92, 143; 138:3, 7, 8; 140:12; 145:14; 147:3; Pro 12:13; Ecc 4:1; Isa 4:6; 14:31, 32; 25:4; 30:19, 20; 40:1, 2, 29; 41:10, 13, 14, 17; 42:3; 43:2; 49:13; 50:4, 7-10; 51:3-13; 54:4, 11; 58:10; 61:1-3; 63:9; 66:5, 13, 14; Jer 31:13, 25; 39:17, 18; Lam 3:31-33, 57; Eze 11:16; Hsa 2:14, 15; 6:1-3; Nah 1:7; Zep 3:18; Mat 5:4, 10-12; 10:29-31; 11:28; 14:27; 25:34-36, 40; 28:5, 9, 10; Mar 6:50; Luk 6:21-23; 7:13; 12:6, 7; 21:18; Jhn 14:1, 16, 18, 27; 15:18, 20; 16:20, 22, 33; Act 12:5; 23:11; Rom 8:28, 35-39; 12:12, 15; 15:4; 2Cr 1:3-5, 7; 4:8-10, 16, 17; 7:6; 12:9; Gal 6:2; Phl 1:19; 1Th 4:13, 16-18; 2Th 1:7; 2:16, 17; 2Ti 2:12; 4:17; Hbr 2:14, 15, 18; 4:15, 16; 6:18; 12:1-4; 13:3, 5, 6; Jam 1:12, 27; 5:8, 10; 1Pe 2:21-24; 4:12-14; 5:7; Rev 2:9, 10; 3:2, 10; 7:14-17
Afflictions and Adversities: Deliverance From
See PRAYER ANSWERED
Afflictions and Adversities: Design Of
Deu 8:2, 16; 30:1-3; 31:17; Jdg 2:21, 22; 1Ki 8:33-48; 2Ch 6:24-31; 7:13, 14; Job 33:11, 16-30; 36:8-10; Psa 66:10; 106:43, 44; 107:10-14, 17-21, 23-31; 119:71; Ecc 7:14; Isa 1:25-27; 4:3, 4; 9:13, 14; 52:5, 6; Jer 24:5; Lam 1:5; Eze 6:10; 14:10, 11; Dan 4:25-27, 34; Hsa 5:15; Amo 4:6; Mic 6:9; Mal 3:3; Jhn 9:2, 3; 11:4; 15:2; 21:19; 1Cr 11:32; 2Cr 1:4-6; 4:11, 17; 12:7; Phl 1:29, 30; 2Th 1:4, 5; Hbr 2:10-18; 5:8, 9; 12:5-11; 1Pe 1:6, 7; 5:10; Rev 2:10
See BENEFITS OF, above
Afflictions and Adversities: Despondency In
Job 4:5; 9:16-35; Psa 22:1, 2; Pro 24:10; Lam 3:39; Mat 27:46; Mar 15:34; Luk 18:1
Afflictions and Adversities: Dispensation of God
Exd 4:11; Deu 4:5-31; 28:15-68; 32:39; Rth 1:20, 21; 1Sa 2:6, 7; 2Sa 16:10; 2Ki 6:33; 15:5; 2Ch 7:12-22; Job 1:21; 5:6, 17, 18; 6:4; 9:12, 22; 10:8; 11:10; 12:14-25; 19:6, 21; 21:17; 23:16; 27:2; 30:11; 34:29; Psa 38:3; 66:11; 71:20; 78:31-34; 88:6, 7, 16; 89:38-45; 90:7, 15; 102:10, 23; Isa 30:20; 45:7; Jer 45:3; Lam 1:5; 3:1; Dan 4:24-26; Amo 3:6; Jon 2:3; Mic 1:12; Rom 8:20; 1Cr 11:32; Hbr 12:10; Rev 3:19
Afflictions and Adversities: From Satan
Job 1; 2; 2Cr 12:7
See TEMPTATION
Afflictions and Adversities: Impentinence In
See OBDURACY IN, below.
Afflictions and Adversities: Mocking At
Job 12:5; Pro 17:5
Afflictions and Adversities: Murmuring In
See MURMURING
Afflictions and Adversities: Obduracy In
Lev 26:23, 24, 27, 28; Job 36:12, 13; Psa 78:31, 32; Isa 8:21; 9:13; 22:12, 13; 26:11; 42:25; 57:17; Jer 2:30, 35; 3:3; 5:3; 7:28; Dan 9:13; Hsa 7:9, 10, 14; 9:17; Amo 4:6-11; Zep 3:2, 7; Hag 2:17; Rev 9:20, 21; 16:9-11, 21
As a Judgment. See JUDGMENT.
See IMPENITENCE.
Afflictions and Adversities: Instances Of
Pharaoh,
Exd 8:19; 9:30-34; 14:5-9.
Asa,
2Ch 16:12.
Ahaz,
2Ch 28:22, 23.
Afflictions and Adversities: Penitence In
Instances of:
Pharaoh,
Exd 8:8; 9:27-30; 12:30, 31; 14:5-9.
David,
2Sa 12:15, 16, 23.
Nebuchadnezzar,
Dan 4:28-37.
Levites,
Neh 9:33.
Afflictions and Adversities: Prayer In
Gen 32:11; 43:14; Exd 17:4; Num 20:16; 1Sa 1:10, 11; 2Sa 12:22; 15:31; 22:7; 1Ki 8:36-50; 2Ki 19:16, 19; 1Ch 5:20; 2Ch 6:24-39; 14:11; 20:4-13; 33:12, 13; Neh 4:4, 5, 9; 6:9, 14; 9:32; Job 10:2, 9, 15; 13:21; 16:20; Psa 3:1, 2, 7; 4:1; 5:8; 6:1-7; 7:1, 2, 6, 7; 9:13, 14; 10:1, 12-15; 13:1-4; 16:1; 17:1, 2, 6-9, 13, 14; 20:1, 2; 22:1-21; 25:2, 16-19, 22; 27:11, 12; 28:1; 30:9, 10; 31:1-4, 14-18; 35:1-3, 17, 19, 22, 23, 25; 38:1-22; 39:10, 12, 13; 40:13, 17; 42:9; 43:1-5; 44:4, 23-26; 50:15; 54:1-3; 55:1-17; 56:1-13; 57:1, 2; 59:1-17; 60:1-3, 11; 61:1, 2; 64:1, 2; 69:1-36; 70:1, 2; 71:1, 2, 4, 9, 12; 74:1, 3, 10, 11, 19, 21-23; 77:1, 2, 7-9; 79:1, 5, 8, 9, 11; 80:1, 3-5, 14; 83:1-18; 85:5-7; 86:1-17; 88:9-14; 89:39-51; 90:15; 94:1-23; 102:2, 24; 106:47; 108:6, 12; 109:1-31; 116:4; 119:22, 28, 39, 41, 42, 76, 77, 82, 84, 107, 121-123, 134, 145-149, 153, 154, 170, 173; 120:2; 123:3, 4; 126:4; 130:1-8; 140:1-13; 141:1-10; 142:1, 2, 5-7; 143:1-12; Isa 33:2; 38:2, 3, 14-19; 51:9; 63:15-17; 64:1, 9-12; Jer 10:24; 14:8, 9, 19-21; 15:15; 16:19; 17:17, 18; 18:19; 27:8; 32:16-25; Lam 1:9-11, 20; 2:18, 19; 5:1, 16, 17, 19-22; Dan 6:10; Joe 1:19; Jon 1:14; 2:1-10; Hab 1:12, 13; Mat 8:25; 14:30; 15:22-28; 26:39, 42, 44; 27:46; Mar 14:36; 15:34; Luk 18:1; 22:42; 23:46; Jhn 11:3; Act 4:29, 30; 7:59, 60; 2Cr 12:8; Jam 5:13-16
See PRAYER
Afflictions and Adversities: Prayer In, Answered
See PRAYER, ANSWERED
Afflictions and Adversities: Prayer for the Afflicted
See INTERCESSION
Afflictions and Adversities: Resignation In
Job 5:17; 13:15; 34:31, 32, 34; Psa 4:4; 37:1; 46:10; Pro 3:11; Lam 3:22-36, 39; Mic 6:9; Mat 26:39; Mar 14:36; Luk 21:19; 22:42; Jhn 18:11; Rom 5:3; 12:12; 2Cr 12:9; Phl 2:14; Col 1:11; 1Th 3:3; 2Th 1:4; 2Ti 2:3; 4:5; Hbr 10:34; 12:3-12; Jam 1:10; 4:7; 1Pe 1:6; 2:20; 4:12, 13, 19; 5:6, 7
Afflictions and Adversities: Resignation In, Exemplified
Jdg 10:15; 1Sa 3:18; 2Sa 12:23; 15:26; 16:10, 12; 24:14; 2Ki 4:26; 20:19; Neh 9:33; Est 4:16; Job 1:21, 22; 2:10; 13:15; 14:14; Psa 39:9; 71:20; 119:75; Isa 39:8; Jer 10:19; Lam 1:18; 3:39; Dan 9:14; Mic 7:9; Luk 23:40, 41; Act 21:14; Rom 5:3, 4; 2Cr 6:4-10; 7:4; 2Th 1:4; Jam 5:11
See RESIGNATION
Afflictions and Adversities: Instances of Resignation In
Aaron, at the death of Nadab and Abihu,
Lev 10:1-3.
Eli, when judgments against his house were foretold,
1Sa 3:15-18.
David, at the death of his child,
2Sa 12:23.
The Shunammite woman,
2Ki 4:18-37.
Jesus, in Gethsemane,
Mat 26:39; Mar 14:36; Luk 22:42; Jhn 18:11.
Paul and Silas in prison,
Act 16:23-25.
He is a cross pendant.
He is engraved with a unique Number.
He will mail it out from Jerusalem.
He will be sent to your Side.
Emmanuel
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