Dictionaries :: Yoke

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Yoke:

(1.) Fitted on the neck of oxen for the purpose of binding to them the traces by which they might draw the plough, etc. (Num 19:2; Deu 21:3). It was a curved piece of wood called 'ol.

(2.) In Jer 27:2; 28:10, 12 the word in the Authorized Version rendered "yoke" is motah, which properly means a "staff," or as in the Revised Version, "bar."

These words in the Hebrew are both used figuratively of severe bondage, or affliction, or subjection (Lev 26:13; 1Ki 12:4; Isa 47:6; Lam 1:14; 3:27). In the New Testament the word "yoke" is also used to denote servitude (Mat 11:29,30; Act 15:10; Gal 5:1).

(3.) In 1Sa 11:7, 1Ki 19:21, Job 1:3 the word thus translated is tzemed, which signifies a pair, two oxen yoked or coupled together, and hence in 1Sa 14:14 it represents as much land as a yoke of oxen could plough in a day, like the Latin jugum. In Isa 5:10 this word in the plural is translated "acres."

International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia

Yoke:

yok:

(1) The usual word is ‘ol (Ge 27:40, etc.), less commonly the (apparently later) form moTah (Isa 58:6, etc.; in Nab 1:13 moT), which the Revised Version (British and American) in Jer 27; 28 translates "bar" (a most needless and obscuring change). The Greek in Apocrypha (Sirach 28:19, etc.) and in the New Testament (Mt 11:29 f, etc.) is invariably zugos. Egyptian monuments show a yoke that consisted of a straight bar fastened to the foreheads of the cattle at the root of the horns, and such yokes were no doubt used in Palestine also; but the more usual form was one that rested on the neck (Ge 27:40, etc.). It was provided with straight "bars" (moToth in Le 26:13; Eze 34:27) projecting downward, against which the shoulders of the oxen pressed, and it was held in position by thongs or "bonds" (moceroth in Jer 2:20; 5:5; 27:2; 30:8; ‘aghuddoth in Isa 58:6, "bands"), fastened under the animals' throats. Such yokes could of course be of any weight (1Ki 12:4 ), depending on the nature of the work to be done, but the use of "iron yokes" (De 28:48; Jer 28:13 f) must have been very rare, if, indeed, the phrase is anything more than a figure of speech.

What is meant by "the yoke on their jaws" in Ho 11:4 is quite obscure. Possibly a horse's bit is meant; possibly the phrase is a condensed form for "the yoke that prevents their feeding"; possibly the text is corrupt.

See JAW.

The figurative use of "yoke" in the sense of "servitude" is intensely obvious (compare especially Jer 27, 28). Attention needs to be called only to La 3:27, where "disciplining sorrow" is meant, and to Jer 5:5, where the phrase is a figure for "the law of God." This last use became popular with the Jews at a later period and it is found, e.g. in Apocrypha Baruch 41:3; Psalter of Solomon 7:9; 17:32; Ab. iii.7,. and in this sense the phrase is employed. by Christ in Mt 11:29 f. "My yoke" here means "the service of God as I teach it" (the common interpretation, "the sorrows that I bear," is utterly irrelevant) and the emphasis is on "my." The contrast is not between "yoke" and "no yoke," but between "my teaching" (light yoke) and "the current scribal teaching';( heavy yoke).

(2) "Yoke" in the sense of "a pair of oxen" is tsemedh (1Sa 11:7, etc.), or zeugos (Lu 14:19).

Written by Burton Scott Easton

Nave's Topical Bible

Yoke: Figurative:

Lev 26:13; Isa 9:4; 10:27; Jer 2:20; 5:5; 28:2, 4, 10; 30:8; Lam 1:14; 3:27; Mat 11:29, 30; Act 15:10

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Yoke:

(1.) A well‐known implement of husbandry, frequently used metaphorically for subjection, e.g (1 Kings 12:4; 12:9-11; Isaiah 9:4; Jeremiah 5:5) hence an "iron yoke" represents an unusually galling bondage (Deuteronomy 28:48; Jeremiah 28:13).

(2.) A pair of oxen, so termed as being yoked together (1 Samuel 11:7; 1 Kings 19:19; 19:21). The Hebrew term is also applied to asses (Judges 19:10) and mules (2 Kings 5:17) and even to a couple of riders (Isaiah 21:7).

(3.) The term is also applied to a certain amount of land (1 Samuel 14:14) equivalent to that which a couple of oxen could plough in a day (Isaiah 5:10). (Authorized Version "acre") corresponding to the Latin jugum.