Old:
old.
Old:
"original, ancient" (from arche, "a beginning:" Eng., "archaic," "archaeology," etc.), is used
(a) of persons belonging to a former age, "(to) them of old time," Mat 5:21, 33, RV; in some mss. ver. 27; the RV rendering is right; not ancient teachers are in view; what was said to them of old time was "to be both recognized in its significance and estimated in its temporary limitations, Christ intending His words to be regarded not as an abrogation, but a deepening and fulfilling" (Cremer); of prophets, Luk 9:8, 19;
(b) of time long gone by, Act 15:21;
(c) of days gone by in a person's experience, Act 15:7, "a good while ago," lit., "from old (days)," i.e., from the first days onward in the sense of originality, not age;
(d) of Mnason, "an early disciple," Act 21:16, RV, not referring to age, but to his being one of the first who had accepted the Gospel from the beginning of its proclamation;
(e) of things which are "old" in relation to the new, earlier things in contrast to things present, 2Cr 5:17, i.e., of what characterized and conditioned the time previous to conversion in a believer's experience, RV, "they are become new," i.e., they have taken on a new complexion and are viewed in an entirely different way;
(f) of the world (i.e., the inhabitants of the world) just previous to the Flood, 2Pe 2:5;
(g) of the Devil, as "that old serpent," Rev 12:9; 20:2, "old," not in age, but as characterized for a long period by the evils indicated.
Note: For the difference between this and No. 2, see below.
A-2AdjectiveStrong's Number: g3820Greek: palaiosOld:
akin to C, No. 1 (Eng., "paleontology," etc.), "of what is of long duration, old in years," etc., a garment, wine (in contrast to neos; see NEW), Mat 9:16, 17; Mar 2:21, 22 (twice); Luk 5:36, 37, 39 (twice); of the treasures of Divine truth, Mat 13:52 (compared with kainos: see NEW); of what belongs to the past, e.g., the believer's former self before his conversion, his "old man," "old"because it has been superseded by that which is new, Rom 6:6; Eph 4:22 (in contrast to kainos); Col 3:9 (in contrast to neos); of the covenant in connection with the Law, 2Cr 3:14; of leaven, metaphorical of moral evil, 1Cr 5:7, 8 (in contrast to neos); of that which was given long ago and remains in force, an "old" commandment, 1Jo 2:7 (twice), that which was familiar and well known in contrast to that which is fresh (kainos).
Note: Palaios denotes "old," without the reference to beginning and origin contained in archaios" (Abbott-Smith), a distinction observed in the papyri (Moulton and Milligan). While sometimes any difference seems almost indistinguishable, yet "it is evident that wherever an emphasis is desired to be laid on the reaching back to a beginning, whatever that beginning may be, archaios will be preferred (e.g., of Satan, Rev 12:9; 20:2, see No. 1). That which... is old in the sense of more or less worn out... is always palaios" (Trench).
A-3AdjectiveStrong's Number: g4245Greek: presbuterosOld:
"older, elder," is used in the plural, as a noun, in Act 2:17, "old men."
See ELDER.
Old:
denotes "an old man" (from the same root comes Eng., "gray"), Jhn 3:4.
B-2NounStrong's Number: g4246Greek: presbutesOld:
"an old man," Luk 1:18, is translated "aged" in Tts 2:2; Phm 1:9 (for this, however, see the RV marg.).
See AGED.
Old:
"old age," occurs in Luk 1:36.
Note: Augustine (quoted by Trench, cvii, 2) speaks of the distinction observed among Greeks, that presbutes conveys the suggestion of gravity.
C-1AdverbStrong's Number: g3819Greek: palaiOld:
denotes "long ago, of old," Hbr 1:1, RV, "of old time" (AV, "in time past"); in Jud 1:4, "of old;" it is used as an adjective in 2Pe 1:9, "(his) old (sins)," lit., "his sins of old."
See WHILE.
Old:
"from of old, for a long time" (ek, "from," and No. 1), occurs in 2Pe 2:3, RV, "from of old" (AV, "of a long time"); 2Pe 3:5.
See LONG, B, Note (2).
Note: In 1Pe 3:5, AV, the particle pote, "once, formerly, ever, sometime," is translated "in the old time" (RV, "aforetime"); in 2Pe 1:21, "in old time" (RV, "ever"), AV marg., "at any time."
D-1VerbStrong's Number: g3822Greek: palaiooOld:
akin to A, No. 2, denotes, in the Active Voice, "to make or declare old," Hbr 8:13 (1st part); in the Passive Voice, "to become old," of things worn out by time and use, Luk 12:33; Hbr 1:11, "shall wax old," lit., "shall be made old," i.e., worn out; in Hbr 8:13 (2nd part), RV, "is becoming old" (AV "decayeth"); here and in the 1st part of the verse, the verb may have the meaning "to abrogate;" for the next verb in the verse, see No. 2.
D-2VerbStrong's Number: g1095Greek: geraskoOld:
from geras, "old age" (akin to B, No. 1), "to grow old," is translated "thou shalt be old," in Jhn 21:18; "waxeth aged," Hbr 8:13, RV (AV, "waxeth old").
Notes:
(1) In Jhn 8:57, echo, "to have," is used with "fifty years" as the object, signifying, "Thou art (not yet fifty years) old," lit., "Thou hast not yet fifty years."
(2) In Mar 5:42, RV, the verb eimi, "to be," with the phrase "of twelve years" is translated "was... old" (AV, "was of the age of").
Age; Old Age:
In individual lives (cheledh; helikia): We have scarcely any word in the Old Testament or New Testament which denotes "age" in the familiar modern sense; the nearest in the Old Testament is perhaps heledh, "life," "lifetime," and in the New Testament helikia, "full age," "manhood," but which is rendered stature in Mt 6:27, etc., the King James Version; cheledh occurs (Job 11:17), "Thine age shall be clearer than the noonday," the Revised Version (British and American) "(thy) life"; Ps 39:5, "Mine age is as nothing before thee," the American Standard Revised Version, "my life-time"); we have helikia (Joh 9:21,23), "He is of age"; Heb 11:11 "past age," Lu 2:52, "Jesus increased in wisdom and age," so the Revised Version, margin, King James Version margin, Eph 4:13); yom, day, (days) is used in the Old Testament to express "age" (Ge 47:28), the whole age of Jacob," the King James Version, "the days of the years of his life"; but it occurs mostly in connection with old age); ben, "son" (Nu 8:25; 1Ch 23:3,24); kelah, "to be complete," is translated "full age" (Job 5:26); teleios, "complete" (Heb 5:14), the Revised Version (British and American), full-grown men, margin, perfect", dor, a revolution," "a period" is translated "age" Isa 38:12, "Mine age is departed and removed from me as a shepherd's tent," the American Standard Revised Version, "My dwelling is removed, and is carried away from me as a shepherd's tent," the English Revised Version, "mine age," margin, "or habitation"; Delitzsch, "my home"; compare Ps 49:19, 20; 2Co 5:8. In New Testament we have etos, "year" (Mr 5:42), the Revised Version British and American, "old"; Lu 2:37; 3:23, "Jesus.... about 30 years of age". "Old age," "aged," are the translation of various words, zaqen zaqan, "the chin," "the beard", perhaps to have the chin sharp or hanging down, often translated "elders," "old man," etc. 2Sa 19:32, Job 12:20, 32:9, Jer 6:11.
In New Testament we have presbutes, "aged," "advanced in days" (Titus 2:2; Phm 1:9); presbutis, "aged woman" (Titus 2:3); probebekos en hemerais, advanced in days" (Lu 2:36); geras, "old age" (Lu 1:36).
Revised Version has "old" for "the age of" (1Ch 23:3), "own age" for "sort" (Da 1:10); "aged" for "ancients" (Ps 119:100), for "ancient" (Isa 47:6); for "old" (Heb 8:13); "aged men" for "the ancients" (Job 12:12); for "aged" (Job 12:20), "elders."
Regard for Old Age:
(1) Among the Hebrews (and Orientals generally) old age was held in honor, and respect was required for the aged (Le 19:32), "Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head, and honor the face of the old man"; a mark of the low estate of the nation was that "The faces of elders were not honored"; "The elders have ceased from the gate" (La 5:12,14). Compare Job 29:8 (as showing the exceptionally high regard for Job). See also The Wisdom of Solomon 2:10; Ecclesiasticus 8:6.
(2) Old age was greatly desired and its attainment regarded as a Divine blessing (Ge 15:15; Ex 20:12, "that thy days may be long in the land"; Job 5:26; Ps 91:16, "With long life will I satisfy him"; Ps 92:14; compare Isa 65:20; Zec 8:4; 1Sa 2:32).
(3) A Divine assurance is given, "Even to old age I am he, and even to hoar hairs will I carry you" (Isa 46:4); hence it was looked forward to in faith and hope (Ps 71:9,18).
(4) Superior wisdom was believed to belong to the aged (Job 12:20; 15:10; 32:7,9; compare 1Ki 12:8); hence positions of guidance and authority were given to them, as the terms "elders," "presbyters" and (Arabic) "sheik" indicate.
Written by W. L. Walker
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