Lime:
The Hebrew word so rendered means "boiling" or "effervescing." From Isa 33:12 it appears that lime was made in a kiln lighted by thorn-bushes. In Amo 2:1 it is recorded that the king of Moab "burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime." The same Hebrew word is used in Deu 27:2-4, and is there rendered "plaster." Limestone is the chief constituent of the mountains of Syria.
Lime:
lim
(1) sidh; compare Arabic shad, "to plaster";
(2) gir; compare Arabic jir, "gypsum" or "quick-lime";
(3) ‘abene-ghir):
Sidh is translated "lime" in Isa 33:12, "And the peoples shall be as the burnings of lime, as thorns cut down, that are burned in the fire," and in Am 2:1, "He burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime." It is translated "plaster" in De 27:2, "Thou shalt set thee up great stones, and plaster them with plaster," also in De 27:4. Gir is translated "plaster" in Da 5:5, "wrote.... upon the plaster of the wall." In Isa 27:9 we have, "He maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones" ('abhene-ghir).
Everywhere in Palestine limestone is at hand which can be converted into lime. The lime-kiln is a thick-walled, cylindrical or conical, roofless structure built of rough stones without mortar, the spaces between the stones being plastered with clay. It is usually built on the side of a hill which is slightly excavated for it, so that the sloping, external wall of the kiln rises much higher from the ground on the lower side than on the upper. The builders leave a passage or tunnel through the base of the thick wall on the lower side. The whole interior is filled with carefully packed fragments of limestone, and large piles of thorny-burner and other shrubs to serve as fuel are gathered about the kiln. The fuel is introduced through the tunnel to the base of the limestone in the kiln, and as the fire rises through the mass of broken limestone a strong draft is created. Relays of men are kept busy supplying fuel day and night. By day a column of black smoke rises from the kiln, and at night the flames may be seen bursting from the top. Several days are required to reduce the stone to lime, the amount of time depending upon the size of the kiln and upon the nature of the fuel. At the present day, mineral coal imported from Europe is sometimes employed, and requires much less time than the shrubs which are ordinarily used.
Written by Alfred Ely Day
Lime: General Scriptures Concerning
Isa 33:12; Amo 2:1
Lime:
the substance obtained form limestone, shells, etc., by heat. It is noticed only three times in the Bible, viz., in Deuteronomy 27:2 (Authorized Version "plaster") Isaiah 33:12, and Amos 2:1.
Chalkstone:
chok'-ston ('abhneghir (compare Eben-ezer, ?ebhen ha-?ezer, "stone of the help," 1Sa 7:12)): In Isa 27:9 we have: "Therefore by this shall the iniquity of Jacob be forgiven, and this is all the fruit of taking away his sin: that he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, so that the Asherim and the sun- images shall rise no more." ?Abhne-ghir is compounded of ?ebhen, "stone," which occurs in many passages, and gir or gir, "lime" (compare Arabic jir," gypsum" or "quicklime"), which occurs only here and in Da 5:5: "wrote.... upon the plaster (gir) of the wall of the king's palace." Nearly all the rock of Palestine is limestone. When limestone is burned, it is converted into lime, which is easily broken into pieces, and, if allowed to remain open to the air, becomes slaked by the moisture of the atmosphere and crumbles into dust. The reference is to the destruction of the altar. It may mean that the altar will be burned so that the stones will become lime, or, more probably, that the stones of the altar will be broken as chalkstones (i.e. lumps of quicklime) are broken. There is no doubt that lime was known to the Egyptians, Assyrians and Hebrews, though clay, with or without straw, was more commonly used in building. Even bitumen ("slime") appears to have been used for mortar.
Written by Alfred Ely Day
See CLAY
See LIME
See SLIME
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