Commandments, the Ten:
(Exd 34:28; Deu 10:4, marg. "ten words") i.e., the Decalogue (q.v.), is a summary of the immutable moral law. These commandments were first given in their written form to the people of Israel when they were encamped at Sinai, about fifty days after they came out of Egypt (Exd 19:10-25). They were written by the finger of God on two tables of stone. The first tables were broken by Moses when he brought them down from the mount (32:19), being thrown by him on the ground. At the command of God he took up into the mount two other tables, and God wrote on them "the words that were on the first tables" (34:1). These tables were afterwards placed in the ark of the covenant (Deu 10:5; 1Ki 8:9). Their subsequent history is unknown. They are as a whole called "the covenant" (Deu 4:13), and "the tables of the covenant" (9:9,11; Hbr 9:4), and "the testimony."
They are obviously "ten" in number, but their division is not fixed, hence different methods of numbering them have been adopted. The Jews make the "Preface" one of the commandments, and then combine the first and second. The Roman Catholics and Lutherans combine the first and second and divide the tenth into two. The Jews and Josephus divide them equally. The Lutherans and Roman Catholics refer three commandments to the first table and seven to the second. The Greek and Reformed Churches refer four to the first and six to the second table. The Samaritans add to the second that Gerizim is the mount of worship. (See LAW.)
Commandments, the Ten:
← Commandment; CommandmentsCommandments, the Ten: Spoken by God
Exd 20:1; Deu 5:4,22
Commandments, the Ten: Written by God
Exd 32:16; 34:1,28; Deu 4:13; 10:4
Commandments, the Ten: Enumerated
Exd 20:3-17
Commandments, the Ten: Summed up Christ
Mat 22:35-40
Commandments, the Ten: Law Of, Is Spiritual
Mat 5:28; Rom 7:14
See LAW of God
Law:
a rule of action. (1.) The Law of Nature is the will of God as to human conduct, founded on the moral difference of things, and discoverable by natural light (Rom 1:20; 2:14,15). This law binds all men at all times. It is generally designated by the term conscience, or the capacity of being influenced by the moral relations of things.
(2.) The Ceremonial Law prescribes under the Old Testament the rites and ceremonies of worship. This law was obligatory only till Christ, of whom these rites were typical, had finished his work (Hbr 7:9,11; 10:1; Eph 2:16). It was fulfilled rather than abrogated by the gospel.
(3.) The Judicial Law, the law which directed the civil policy of the Hebrew nation.
(4.) The Moral Law is the revealed will of God as to human conduct, binding on all men to the end of time. It was promulgated at Sinai. It is perfect (Psa 19:7), perpetual (Mat 5:17,18), holy (Rom 7:12), good, spiritual (14), and exceeding broad (Psa 119:96). Although binding on all, we are not under it as a covenant of works (Gal 3:17). (See COMMANDMENTS.)
(5.) Positive Laws are precepts founded only on the will of God. They are right because God commands them.
(6.) Moral positive laws are commanded by God because they are right.
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