Azariah:
whom Jehovah helps. (1.) Son of Ethan, of the tribe of Judah (1Ch 2:8).
(2.) Son of Ahimaaz, who succeeded his grandfather Zadok as high priest (1Ch 6:9; 1Ki 4:2) in the days of Solomon. He officiated at the consecration of the temple (1Ch 6:10).
(3.) The son of Johanan, high priest in the reign of Abijah and Asa (2Ch 6:10,11).
(4.) High priest in the reign of Uzziah, king of Judah (2Ki 14:21; 2Ch 26:17-20). He was contemporary with the prophets Isaiah, Amos, and Joel.
(5.) High priest in the days of Hezekiah (2Ch 31:10-13). Of the house of Zadok.
(6.) Several other priests and Levites of this name are mentioned (1Ch 6:36; Ezr 7:1; 1Ch 9:11; Neh 3:23, etc.).
(7.) The original name of Abed-nego (Dan 1:6,7,11,16). He was of the royal family of Judah, and with his other two companions remarkable for his personal beauty and his intelligence as well as piety.
(8.) The son of Oded, a remarkable prophet in the days of Asa (2Ch 15:1). He stirred up the king and the people to a great national reformation.
Azariah:
he that hears the Lord
Azariah:
az-a-ri'-a ‘azaryahu and ‘azaryah, ("Yahweh has helped"):
(1) King of Judah. See UZZIAH.
(2) A Judahite of the house of Ethan the Wise (1Ch 2:8).
(3) The son of Jehu, descended from an Egyptian through the daughter of Sheshan (1Ch 2:38).
(4) A son of Ahimaaz and grandson of Zadok (1Ch 6:9).
(5) A son of Zadok the high priest and an official of Solomon (1Ki 4:2).
(6) A high priest and son of Johanan (1Ch 6:10).
(7) A Levite, ancestor of Samuel, and Heman the singer (1Ch 6:36).
(8) A son of Nathan and captain of Solomon's tax collectors (1Ki 4:5).
(9) A prophet in the reign of King Asa; his father's name was Oded (2Ch 15:1-8).
(10 and 11) Two sons of Jehoshaphat, king of Judah (2Ch 21:2).
(12) King of Judah (2Ch 22:6, called Ahaziah in 2Ch 22:1).
(13) A son of Jeroham, who helped to overthrow Athaliah, and place Joash on the throne (2Ch 23:1).
(14) A son of Johanan and a leading man of Ephraim, mentioned in connection with the emancipated captives taken by Pekah (2Ch 28:12).
(15) A Levite of the family of Merari, who took part in cleansing the temple in the days of Hezekiah (2Ch 29:12).
(16) A high priest who rebuked King Uzziah for arrogating to himself priestly functions (2Ch 26:16-20).
(17) The father of Seraiah and son of Hilkiah (1Ch 6:13f).
(18) A son of Hoshaiah, and a bitter enemy of Jeremiah (Jer 43:2ff).
(19) One of the royal captives taken to Babylon, whose name was changed to Abed-nego (Da 1:7).
(20) The son of Maaseiah, who helped repair the walls of Jerusalem (Ne 3:23f).
(21) A Levite who assisted Ezra to expound the Law (Ne 8:7).
(22) A priest who sealed the covenant (Ne 10:2).
(23) A prince of Judah mentioned in connection with the dedication of the walls of Jerusalem (Ne 12:32f).
Written by W. W. Davies
Azariah: 1. Son of Ethan
1Ch 2:8
Azariah: 2. Son of Jehu
1Ch 2:38, 39
Azariah: 3. Son of Zadok
1Ki 4:2
Azariah: 4. Captain of Solomon's Guards
1Ki 4:5
Azariah: 5. A Prophet
Called ODED,
2Ch 15:1, 8.
Azariah: 6. A High Priest
1Ch 6:9
Called also AMARIAH,
2Ch 19:11.
Azariah: 7. Son of Jehoshaphat
2Ch 21:2
Azariah: 8. King of Judah
Called AHAZIAH,
2Ch 22:6.
See AHAZIAH
Azariah: 9. Son of Jeroham
2Ch 23:1
Azariah: 10. Son of Obed
2Ch 23:3
Azariah: 11. Son of Johanan
Possibly identical with ZECHARIAH, Son of Jehoiada,
1Ch 6:10, 11; 2Ch 24:20-22.
Azariah: 12. See UZZIAH
King of Judah
Azariah: 13. Chief of the Tribe of Ephraim
2Ch 28:12
Azariah: 14. A Levite
1Ch 6:36
In 1Ch 6:24,
called UZZIAH.
Azariah: 15. High Priest in Hezekiah's Reign
2Ch 31:10, 13
Probably identical with AHITUB mentioned in
1Ch 6:11, 12
Azariah: 16. Son of Hilkiah
1Ch 6:13, 14; 9:11; Ezr 7:1, 3
Azariah: 17. Son of Hoshaiah
Jer 43:2-7
Azariah: 18. Hebrew Name of ABED-NEGO
Dan 1:7, 19
Azariah: 19. A Captive Returned from Babylon
Neh 7:7; 10:2
Called also SERAIAH,
Ezr 2:2.
Azariah:
(whom the Lord helps) a common name in Hebrew, and especially in the families of the priests of the line of Eleazar, whose name has precisely the same meaning as Azariah. It is nearly identical, and is often confounded, with Ezra as well as with Zerahiah and Seraiah. The principal persons who bore this name were-
(1.) Son of Ahimaaz (1 Chronicles 6:9). He appears from 1 Kings 4:2 to have succeeded Zadok, his grandfather, in the high priesthood, in the reign of Solomon, Ahimaaz having died before Zadok. (B.C. about 1000) SEE [AHIMAAZ].
(2.) A chief officer of Solomon's, the son of Nathan, perhaps David's grandson (1 Kings 4:5).
(3.) Tenth king of Judah, more frequently called Uzziah (2 Kings 14:21; 15:1; 15:6; 15:8; 15:17; 15:23; 15:27; 1 Chronicles 8:12).
(4.) Son of Ethan, of the sons of Zerah, where, perhaps, Zerahiah is the more probable reading (1 Chronicles 2:8).
(5.) Son of Jehu of the family of the Jerahmeelites, and descended from Jarha the Egyptian slave of Sheshan (1 Chronicles 2:38-39). He was probably one of the captains of hundreds in the time of Athaliah mentioned in 2 Chronicles 23:1 (B.C. 886)
(6.) The son of Johanan (1 Chronicles 6:10). He must have been high priest in the reign of Abijah and Asa. (B.C. 939)
(7.) Another Azariah is inserted between Hilkiah, in Josiah's reign, and Seraiah who was put to death by Nebuchadnezzar, in 1 Chronicles 6:13-14.
(8.) Son of Zephaniah, a Kohathite, and ancestor of Samuel the prophet (1 Chronicles 6:36). Apparently the same as Uzziah in verse 24.
(9.) Azariah; the son of Oded (2 Chronicles 15:1) called simply Oded in verse, was a remarkable prophet in the days of King Asa, and a contemporary of Azariah the son of Johanan the high priest, and of Hanani the seer. (B.C. 939)
(10.) Son of Jehoshaphat king of Judah (2 Chronicles 21:2). (B.C. 910)
(11.) Another son of Jehoshaphat, and brother of the preceding (2 Chronicles 21:2).
(12.) In 2 Chronicles 22:6, Azariah is a clerical error for Ahaziah.
(13.) Son of Jeroham, one of the captains of Judah in the time of Athaliah (2 Chronicles 23:1).
(14.) The high priest in the reign of Uzziah king of Judah. The most memorable event of his life is that which is recorded in 2 Chronicles 26:17-20 (B.C. 810) Azariah was contemporary with Isaiah the prophet and with Amos and Joel.
(15.) Son of Johanan, one of the captains of Ephraim in the reign of Ahaz (2 Chronicles 28:12).
(16.) A Kohathite, father of Joel, in the reign of Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 29:12). (B.C. 726)
(17.) A Merarite, son of Jehalelel, in the time of Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 29:12).
(18.) The high priest in the days of Hezekiah (2 Chronicles 31:10, 13). He appears to have cooperated zealously with the king in that thorough purification of the temple and restoration of the temple service, which was so conspicuous a feature in his reign. He succeeded Urijah, who was high priest in the reign of Ahaz.
(19.) Son of Maaseiah who repaired part of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 3:23-24). (B.C. 446-410.)
(20.) One of the leaders of the children of the province who went up from Babylon with Zerubbabel (Nehemiah 7:7).
(21.) One of the Levites who assisted Ezra in instructing the people in the knowledge of the law (Nehemiah 8:7).
(22.) One of the priests who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah (Nehemiah 10:2) and probably the same with the Azariah who assisted in the dedication of the city wall (Nehemiah 12:33).
(23.) (Jeremiah 13:2) (Jezaniah.)
(24.) The original name of Abednego (Daniel 1:6-7; 1:11; 1:19). He appears to have been of the seed‐royal of Judah. (B.C. 603)
Uzziah; (Azariah):
u-zi'-a, oo-zi'-a (‘uzziyah (2Ki 15:13,30; Ho 1:1; Am 1:1; Zec 14:5), ‘uzziyahu (2Ki 15:32,34; Isa 1:1; 6:1; 7:1; 2Ch 26:1 ff; 27:2); also called ‘azaryah (2Ki 14:21; 15:1,7; 1Ch 3:12), ‘azaryahu (2Ki 15:6,8); Azarias, in Kings, elsewhere Ozias; the significations of the names are similar, the former meaning "my strength is Yah"; the latter, "Yah has helped." It has been thought that the form "Uzziah" may have originated by corruption from the other. The history of the reign is given in 2Ki 15:1-8 and 2Ch 26):
1. Accession: Uzziah or Azariah, son of Amaziah, and 11th king of Judah, came to the throne at the age of 16. The length of his reign is given as 52 years. The chronological questions raised by this statement are considered below. His accession may here be provisionally dated in 783 BC. His father Amaziah had met his death by popular violence (2Ki 14:19), but Uzziah seems to have been the free and glad choice of the people (2Ch 26:1).
2. Foreign Wars:
The unpopularity of his father, owing to a great military disaster, must ever have been present to the mind of Uzziah, and early in his reign he undertook and successfully carried through an expedition against his father's enemies of 20 years before, only extending his operations over a wider area. The Edomites, Philistines and Arabians were successively subdued (these being members of a confederacy which, in an earlier reign, had raided Jerusalem and nearly extirpated the royal family, 2Ch 21:16; 22:1); the port of Eloth, at the head of the Red Sea, was restored to Judah, and the city rebuilt (2Ki 14:22; 2Ch 26:2); the walls of certain hostile towns, Gath, Jabneh and Ashdod, were razed to the ground, and the inhabitants of Gur-baal and Maan were reduced to subjection (2Ch 26:6,7). Even the Ammonites, East of the Jordan, paid tribute to Uzziah, and "his name spread abroad even to the entrance to Egypt; for he waxed exceeding strong" (2Ch 26:8).
3. Home Defenses:
Uzziah next turned his attention to securing the defenses of his capital and country. The walls of Jerusalem were strengthened by towers built at the corner gate, at the valley gate, and at an angle in the wall (see plan of Jerusalem in the writer's Second Temple in Jerusalem); military stations were also formed in Philistia, and in the wilderness of the Negeb, and these were supplied with the necessary cisterns for rain storage (2Ch 26:6,10). The little realm had now an extension and prosperity to which it had been a stranger since the days of Solomon.
4. Uzziah's Leprosy and Retirement:
These successes came so rapidly that Uzziah had hardly passed his 40th year when a great personal calamity overtook him. In the earlier part of his career Uzziah had enjoyed and profited by the counsels of Zechariah, a man "who had understanding in the vision of God" (2Ch 26:5), and during the lifetime of this godly monitor "be set himself to seek God." Now it happened to him as with his grandfather Jehoash, who, so long as his preserver Jehoiada lived, acted admirably, but, when he died, behaved like an ingrate, and killed his son (2Ki 12:2; 2Ch 24:2,22). So now that Zechariah was gone, Uzziah's heart was lifted up in pride, and he trespassed against Yahweh. In the great kingdoms of the East, the kings had been in the habit of exercising priestly as well as royal functions. Elated with his prosperity, Uzziah determined to exercise what he may have thought was his royal prerogative in burning incense on the golden altar of the temple. Azariah the high priest, with 80 others, offered stout remonstrance; but the king was only angry, and pressed forward with a censer in his hand, to offer the incense. Ere, however, he could scatter the incense on the coals, and while yet in anger, the white spots of leprosy showed themselves upon his forehead. Smitten in conscience, and thrust forth by the priests, he hastened away, and was a leper ever after (2Ch 26:16-21).
Uzziah's public life was now ended. In his enforced privacy, he may still have occupied himself with his cattle and agricultural operations, "for he loved husbandry" (2Ch 26:10); but his work in the government was over. Both Kings and Chronicles state in nearly identical words: "Jotham the king's son was over the household, judging the people of the land" (2Ki 15:5; 2Ch 26:21). Works of the same kind as those undertaken by Uzziah, namely, building military stations in the hills and forests of Judah, repairing the walls of city and temple, etc., are attributed to Jotham (2Ch 27:3 ); the truth being that Jotham continued and completed the enterprises his father had undertaken.
5. Chronology of Reign:
The chronology of the reign of Uzziah presents peculiar difficulties, some of which, probably, cannot be satisfactorily solved. Reckoning upward from the fall of Samaria in 721 BC, the Biblical data would suggest 759 as the first year of Jotham. If, as is now generally conceded, Jotham's regnal years are reckoned from the commencement of his regency, when his father had been stricken with leprosy, and if, as synchronisms seem to indicate, Uzziah was about 40 years of age at this time, we are brought for the year of Uzziah's accession to 783. His death, 52 years later, would occur in 731. (On the other hand, it is known that Isaiah, whose call was in the year of Uzziah's death, Isa 6:1, was already exercising his ministry in the reign of Jotham, Isa 1:1.) Another note of time is furnished by the statement that the earliest utterance of Amos the prophet was "two years before the earthquake" (Am 1:1). This earthquake, we are told by Zechariah, was "in the days of Uzziah, king of Judah" (Zec 14:5). Josephus likewise embodies a tradition that the earthquake occurred at the moment of the king's entry into the temple (Ant., IX, x, 4). Indubitably the name of Uzziah was associated in the popular mind with this earthquake. If the prophecy of Amos was uttered a year or two before Jeroboam's death, and this is placed in 759 BC, we are brought near to the date already given for Uzziah's leprosy (Jeroboam's date is put lower by others).
In 2 Kings 15 Uzziah is referred to as giving data for the accessions of the northern kings (15:8, Zechariah; 15:13, Shallum; 15:17, Menahem; 15:23, Pekahiah; 15:27, Pekah), but it is difficult to fit these synchronisms into any scheme of chronology, if taken as regnal years. Uzziah is mentioned as the father of Jotham in 2Ki 15:32,34; 2Ch 27:2, and as the grandfather of Ahaz in Isa 7:1. He was living when Isaiah began his ministry (Isa 1:1; 6:1); when Hoses prophesied (Ho 1:1); and is the king in whose reign the afore-mentioned earthquake took place (Zec 14:5). His name occurs in the royal genealogies in 1Ch 3:11 and Mt 1:8,9. The place of his entombment, owing to his having been a leper, was not in the sepulchers of the kings, but "in the garden of Uzza" (2Ki 21:26; compare 2Ch 26:23). Isaiah is stated to have written a life of Uzziah (2Ch 26:22).
Written by W. Shaw Caldecott
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