Ark:
Noah's ark, a building of gopher-wood, and covered with pitch, 300 cubits long, 50 cubits broad, and 30 cubits high (Gen 6:14-16); an oblong floating house of three stories, with a door in the side and a window in the roof. It was 100 years in building (Gen 5:32; 7:6). It was intended to preserve certain persons and animals from the deluge which God was about to bring over the earth. It contained eight persons (Gen 7:13; 2Pe 2:5), and of all "clean" animals seven pairs, and of "unclean" one pair, and of birds seven pairs of each sort (Gen 7:2,3). It was in the form of an oblong square, with flat bottom and sloping roof. Traditions of the Deluge, by which the race of man was swept from the earth, and of the ark of Noah have been found existing among all nations.
The ark of bulrushes in which the infant Moses was laid (Exd 2:3) is called in the Hebrew teebah, a word derived from the Egyptian teb, meaning "a chest." It was daubed with slime and with pitch. The bulrushes of which it was made were the papyrus reed.
The sacred ark is designated by a different Hebrew word, 'aron', which is the common name for a chest or coffer used for any purpose (Gen 50:26; 2Ki 12:9,10). It is distinguished from all others by such titles as the "ark of God" (1Sa 3:3), "ark of the covenant" (Jos 3:6; Hbr 9:4), "ark of the testimony" (Exd 25:22). It was made of acacia or shittim wood, a cubit and a half broad and high and two cubits long [BLB Note: Scripture states 2 and 1/2 cubits long], and covered all over with the purest gold. Its upper surface or lid, the mercy-seat, was surrounded with a rim of gold; and on each of the two sides were two gold rings, in which were placed two gold-covered poles by which the ark could be carried (Num 7:9; 10:21; 4:5,19,20; 1Ki 8:3,6). Over the ark, at the two extremities, were two cherubim, with their faces turned toward each other (Lev 16:2; Num 7:89). Their outspread wings over the top of the ark formed the throne of God, while the ark itself was his footstool (Exd 25:10-22; 37:1-9). The ark was deposited in the "holy of holies," and was so placed that one end of the poles by which it was carried touched the veil which separated the two apartments of the tabernacle (1Ki 8:8). The two tables of stone which constituted the "testimony" or evidence of God's covenant with the people (Deu 31:26), the "pot of manna" (Exd 16:33), and "Aaron's rod that budded" (Num 17:10), were laid up in the ark (Hbr 9:4). (See TABERNACLE) The ark and the sanctuary were "the beauty of Israel" (Lam 2:1). During the journeys of the Israelites the ark was carried by the priests in advance of the host (Num 4:5,6; 10:33-36; Psa 68:1; 132:8). It was borne by the priests into the bed of the Jordan, which separated, opening a pathway for the whole of the host to pass over (Jos 3:15,16; 4:7,10,11,17,18). It was borne in the procession round Jericho (Jos 6:4,6,8,11,12). When carried it was always wrapped in the veil, the badgers' skins, and blue cloth, and carefully concealed even from the eyes of the Levites who carried it. After the settlement of Israel in Palestine the ark remained in the tabernacle at Gilgal for a season, and was then removed to Shiloh till the time of Eli, between 300 and 400 years (Jer 7:12), when it was carried into the field of battle so as to secure, as they supposed, victory to the Hebrews, and was taken by the Philistines (1Sa 4:3-11), who sent it back after retaining it seven months (1Sa 5:7,8). It remained then at Kirjath-jearim (7:1,2) till the time of David (twenty years), who wished to remove it to Jerusalem; but the proper mode of removing it having been neglected, Uzzah was smitten with death for putting "forth his hand to the ark of God," and in consequence of this it was left in the house of Obed-edom in Gath-rimmon for three months (2Sa 6:1-11), at the end of which time David removed it in a grand procession to Jerusalem, where it was kept till a place was prepared for it (12-19). It was afterwards deposited by Solomon in the temple (1Ki 8:6-9). When the Babylonians destroyed Jerusalem and plundered the temple, the ark was probably taken away by Nebuchadnezzar and destroyed, as no trace of it is afterwards to be found. The absence of the ark from the second temple was one of the points in which it was inferior to the first temple.
Ark:
see ARK OF BULRUSHES; ARK OF THE COVENANT; ARK OF NOAH
Ark of Bulrushes →Ark: Box; Chest.
And they shall make an ARK of shittim wood: two cubits and a half shall be the length thereof, and a cubit and a half the breadth thereof, and a cubit and a half the height thereof. (Exodus 25:10)
Ark: 1. Noah's
Directions for building of,
Gen 6:14-16.
Noah and family preserved in,
Gen 6:18; 7:8; Mat 24:38; Hbr 11:7; 1Pe 3:20.
Animals saved in,
Gen 6:19, 20; 7:1-16.
Ark: 2. Of Bullrushes
Exd 2:3
Ark: 3. In the Tabernacle
Called the ARK OF THE COVENANT,
Num 10:33; Deu 31:26; Jos 4:7; 1Sa 4:3; 2Sa 15:24; 1Ch 15:25; 17:1; Jer 3:16; Hbr 9:4.
OF THE TESTIMONY,
Exd 30:6.
OF THE LORD,
Jos 4:11; 1Sa 4:6; 6:1; 2Sa 6:9; 15:12; 16:4.
OF GOD,
1Sa 3:3; 4:11, 17, 22; 6:3; 14:18; 2Sa 6:7; 7:2; 15:25; 1Ch 13:12; 15:1, 2, 15, 24; 16:1.
OF GOD'S STRENGTH,
2Ch 6:41.
Sanctification of,
Exd 30:26.
Ceremonies connected with, on the day of atonement,
Lev 16:13-15.
Holy,
2Ch 8:11; 35:3.
An oracle of God,
Num 10:33; 14:44; Jos 7:6-15; Jdg 20:27, 28; 1Sa 4:3, 4, 7; 1Ch 13:3; 16:4, 37; 2Ch 6:41; Psa 132:8.
See MERCY SEAT.
Directions for making,
Exd 25:10-15; 35:12.
Construction of,
Exd 37:1-5; Deu 10:3.
Contents of:
The law,
Exd 25:16, 21; 40:20; Deu 10:5; 31:26; 1Ki 8:9; 2Ch 5:10.
Aaron's rod,
Num 17:10; Hbr 9:4.
Pot of manna,
Exd 16:33, 34; Hbr 9:4.
Place of,
Exd 26:33; 40:21; 1Sa 3:3; 2Sa 7:2; Hbr 9:2-4.
How prepared for conveyance,
Num 4:5, 6.
Carried by Kohathites,
Num 3:30, 31; 4:4, 15; Deu 10:8; 1Ch 15:2, 15.
On special occasions carried by priests:
Crossing Jordan,
Jos 3:6, 14.
Siege of Jericho,
Jos 6:6.
Taken to battle,
Jos 6:6-20; 1Sa 4:3-22.
Captured by the Philstines,
1Sa 4:10, 11; Psa 78:61.
Returned by the Philistines,
1Sa 6.
Remains at the house of Abinadab,
1Sa 7:1, 2; 2Sa 6:4.
Remains in the house of Obed-edom,
2Sa 6:9-11.
Set up in Shiloh,
Jos 18:1; Jdg 20:27, 28; 1Sa 4:3, 4.
Set up in Jerusalem,
2Sa 6:12-17; 1Ch 6:31; 15; 16:1.
Removed from Jerusalem by Zadok at the time of Absalom's revolt, but returned by command of David,
2Sa 15:24-29.
Transferred to Solomon's temple,
1Ki 8:6-9; 2Ch 5:2-9; 35:3.
Prophecy concerning,
Jer 3:16.
In John's vision,
Rev 11:19.
Ark:
"a wooden box, a chest," is used of
(a) Noah's vessel, Mat 24:38; Luk 17:27; Hbr 11:7; 1Pe 3:20;
(b) the "ark" of the Covenant in the Tabernacle, Hbr 9:4;
(c) the "ark" seen in vision in the Heavenly Temple, Rev 11:19.
Tabernacle:
(1.) A house or dwelling-place (Job 5:24; 18:6, etc.).
(2.) A portable shrine (Act 19:24) containing the image of Moloch (Amo 5:26; marg. and R.V., "Siccuth").
(3.) The human body (2Cr 5:1,4); a tent, as opposed to a permanent dwelling.
(4.) The sacred tent (Heb. mishkan, "the dwelling-place"); the movable tent-temple which Moses erected for the service of God, according to the "pattern" which God himself showed to him on the mount (Exd 25:9; Hbr 8:5). It is called "the tabernacle of the congregation," rather "of meeting", i.e., where God promised to meet with Israel (Exd 29:42); the "tabernacle of the testimony" (Exd 38:21; Num 1:50), which does not, however, designate the whole structure, but only the enclosure which contained the "ark of the testimony" (Exd 25:16,22; Num 9:15); the "tabernacle of witness" (Num 17:8); the "house of the Lord" (Deu 23:18); the "temple of the Lord" (Jos 6:24); a "sanctuary" (Exd 25:8).
A particular account of the materials which the people provided for the erection and of the building itself is recorded in Ex. 25-40. The execution of the plan mysteriously given to Moses was intrusted to Bezaleel and Aholiab, who were specially endowed with wisdom and artistic skill, probably gained in Egypt, for this purpose (Exd 35:30-35). The people provided materials for the tabernacle so abundantly that Moses was under the necessity of restraining them (36:6). These stores, from which they so liberally contributed for this purpose, must have consisted in a great part of the gifts which the Egyptians so readily bestowed on them on the eve of the Exodus (Exd 12:35,36).
The tabernacle was a rectangular enclosure, in length about 45 feet (i.e., reckoning a cubit at 18 inches) and in breadth and height about 15. Its two sides and its western end were made of boards of acacia wood, placed on end, resting in sockets of brass, the eastern end being left open (Exd 26:22). This framework was covered with four coverings, the first of linen, in which figures of the symbolic cherubim were wrought with needlework in blue and purple and scarlet threads, and probably also with threads of gold (Exd 26:1-6; 36:8-13). Above this was a second covering of twelve curtains of black goats'-hair cloth, reaching down on the outside almost to the ground (Exd 26:7-11). The third covering was of rams' skins dyed red, and the fourth was of badgers' skins (Heb. tahash, i.e., the dugong, a species of seal), Exd 25:5; 26:14; 35:7, 23; 36:19; 39:34.
Internally it was divided by a veil into two chambers, the exterior of which was called the holy place, also "the sanctuary" (Hbr 9:2) and the "first tabernacle" (Hbr 9:6); and the interior, the holy of holies, "the holy place," "the Holiest," the "second tabernacle" (Exd 28:29; Hbr 9:3,7). The veil separating these two chambers was a double curtain of the finest workmanship, which was never passed except by the high priest once a year, on the great Day of Atonement. The holy place was separated from the outer court which enclosed the tabernacle by a curtain, which hung over the six pillars which stood at the east end of the tabernacle, and by which it was entered.
The order as well as the typical character of the services of the tabernacle are recorded in Heb. 9; 10:19-22.
The holy of holies, a cube of 10 cubits, contained the "ark of the testimony", i.e., the oblong chest containing the two tables of stone, the pot of manna, and Aaron's rod that budded.
The holy place was the western and larger chamber of the tabernacle. Here were placed the table for the shewbread, the golden candlestick, and the golden altar of incense.
Round about the tabernacle was a court, enclosed by curtains hung upon sixty pillars (Exd 27:9-18). This court was 150 feet long and 75 feet broad. Within it were placed the altar of burnt offering, which measured 7 1/2 feet in length and breadth and 4 1/2 feet high, with horns at the four corners, and the laver of brass (Exd 30:18), which stood between the altar and the tabernacle.
The whole tabernacle was completed in seven months. On the first day of the first month of the second year after the Exodus, it was formally set up, and the cloud of the divine presence descended on it (Exd 39:22-43; 40:1-38). It cost 29 talents 730 shekels of gold, 100 talents 1,775 shekels of silver, 70 talents 2,400 shekels of brass (Exd 38:24-31).
The tabernacle was so constructed that it could easily be taken down and conveyed from place to place during the wanderings in the wilderness. The first encampment of the Israelites after crossing the Jordan was at Gilgal, and there the tabernacle remained for seven years (Jos 4:19). It was afterwards removed to Shiloh (Jos 18:1), where it remained during the time of the Judges, till the days of Eli, when the ark, having been carried out into the camp when the Israelites were at war with the Philistines, was taken by the enemy (1Sa 4), and was never afterwards restored to its place in the tabernacle. The old tabernacle erected by Moses in the wilderness was transferred to Nob (1Sa 21:1), and after the destruction of that city by Saul (1Sa 22:9; 1Ch 16:39,40), to Gibeon. It is mentioned for the last time in 1Ch 21:29. A new tabernacle was erected by David at Jerusalem (2Sa 6:17; 1Ch 16:1), and the ark was brought from Perez-uzzah and deposited in it (2Sa 6:8-17; 2Ch 1:4).
The word thus rendered ('ohel) in Exd 33:7 denotes simply a tent, probably Moses' own tent, for the tabernacle was not yet erected.
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Emmanuel
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