AFFLICTION a-flik'-shun: Represents no fewer than 11 Hebrew words in the Old Testament, and 3 Greek words in the New Testament, of which the most common are (oni), (thlipsis). It is used (1) actively = that which causes or tends to cause bodily pain or mental distress, as "the bread of affliction" (Deuteronomy 16:3; 2 Chronicles 18:26); often in

AFFINITY a-fin'-i-ti (chathan "to join one-self"): This term is used three times in the Old Testament: (1) in 1 Kings 3:1, where we read that "Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh King of Egypt", (2) in 2 Chronicles 18:1, where it is stated that Jehoshaphat "joined affinity with Ahab," and (3) in Ezra 9:14, where it is asked "Shall we .... join i

AESORA e'-so-ra, the King James Version Esora, e-so'-ra (Aisora): A town in the borders of Samaria, mentioned in connection with Beth-boron and Jericho (Judith 4:4), and from this association we judge that it was in the eastern part of Samaria. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. Gener

AFFECT; AFFECTION a-fekt', a-fek'-shun: The literal meaning of "affect" is to act upon (Latin ad, "to," "upon," facio, "to do"). It has various shades of meaning, and occurs in the following senses in the English Bible: (1) In its literal sense: Lamentations 3:51, "Mine eye affecteth my soul" (2) In the sense of "to endeavor after," "desire," "

AEON e'-on: This word originally meant "duration," "dispensation." In the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle the word is aion, from which this word is transliterated. In the Gnostic philosophy it has a special meaning and is there used to solve the problem of the world order. In the infinite separation between God and the world, it was taught, ther

AENON e'-non (Ainon): The place where John was baptizing "because there was much water there" (John 3:23). It was on the west side of the Jordan, the place where John baptized at the first being on the east (John 1:28; 3:26; 10:40). We may be sure it was not in Samaritan territory. Eusebius, Onomasticon locates it 8 Roman miles South of Scythopoli

AELIA e'-li-a. See JERUSALEM. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'AELIA'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

AEDIAS a-e-di'-as (Aedeias). Mentioned in 1 Esdras 9:27, being one of those who agreed to divorce their alien wives. This name is supposed to be a corruption of the Greek Helia, there being no Hebrew equivalent for it, and in Ezra 10:26, the name occurs in the correct form as Elijah ('eliyah = "God is Yahweh"). Copyright Statement These files are p

ADYTUM ad'-i-tum (Latin from Greek aduton, adjective adutos, "not to be entered"): Applied to the innermost sanctuary or chambers in ancient temples, and to secret places which were open only to priests: hence, also to the Holy of Holies in the Jewish temple. See TEMPLE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information

ADVOCATE ad'-vo-kat (parakletos): Found in 1 John 2:1, "If any man sin, we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous." The Greek word has several shades of meaning: (1) a legal advocate; (2) an intercessor, (3) a helper generally. In the passage before us the first and second meanings are included. Christ in heaven intercede

ADVICE; ADVISE; ADVISEMENT ad-vis', ad-viz', ad-viz'-ment: Aside from their regular meaning these words are peculiarly employed as follows: (1) Advice' In 2 Samuel 19:43 (from, dabhar, "word") the meaning is equal to "request" (the Revised Version, margin "were we not the first to speak of bringing back"). In 1 Samuel 25:33 the King James Version

ADVERTISE ad'-ver-tiz: This word is found twice in the Old Testament: In Numbers 24:14 (from Hebrew, ya`ats, "to advise") Balsam advises Balak of the future of Israel and its influence upon his kingdom ("I will advertise thee"). In the King James Version Ruth 4:4 (from galah 'ozen, "to uncover the ear," "to reveal") Boaz in speaking to the nearer

ADVERSITY ad-vur'-si-ti: In the Revised Version (British and American) exclusively an Old Testament term, expressing the various forms of distress and evil conveyed by four Hebrew words: tsela`, "a halting" or "fall"; tsarah, "straits" "distress," "affliction"; tsar, "straitness," "affliction"; ra`, "bad," "evil," "harmful." These words cover the

ADVERSARY ad'-ver-sa-ri, ad'-ver-sa-ri: This word (in the singular or plural) is used in the Old Testament to render different Hebrew words. In thirty-two cases the word corresponds to the noun tsar, or the verb tsarar. This noun is the ordinary word for "foe" or "adversary." In twelve passages the Hebrew word, of which "adversary" is the translat

ADVENTURE ad-ven'-tur: "To risk," "to dare," referring always to an undertaking attended with some peril (Judges 9:17: "My father adventured his life"). Compare Deuteronomy 28:56. So also Ecclesiastes 5:14: "Riches perish by evil adventure." Only once in New Testament for didomi (Acts 19:31), where Paul's friends beg him "not to adventure himself

ADVENT ad'-vent. See INCARNATION; MILLENNIUM; PAROUSIA. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ADVENT'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ADVANTAGE ad-van'-taj (cakhan): In Job 35:3 is interpreted in succeeding clause as "profit." In Romans 3:1 perissos, is likewise interpreted by a paraphrase in the next sentence. the Revised Version (British and American) prefers to render pleonekteo by "take advantage," where the King James Version has "defraud" (2 Corinthians 7:2), or "make gain

ADULLAMITE a-dul'-am-it: The gentilic adjective of ADULLAM, which see. It is used only of Judah's friend Hirah (Genesis 38:1,12,20). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ADULLAMITE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ADULTERY a-dul'-ter-i: In Scripture designates sexual intercourse of a man, whether married or unmarried, with a married woman. 1. Its Punishment: It is categorically prohibited in the Decalogue (seventh commandment, Exodus 20:14; Deuteronomy 5:18): "Thou shalt not commit adultery." In more specific language we read: "And thou shalt not he carn

ADULLAM a-dul'-am (`adhullam): (1) A city, with dependencies, and in ancient times having a king, mentioned five times in the Old Testament, each time in a list with other cities (Joshua 12:15; 15:35; 2 Chronicles 11:7; Micah 1:15; Nehemiah 11:30). In the list of 31 kings whom Joshua smote, Adullam follows Hormah, Arad, Libnah, and precedes Makked