ARDAT ard'-at (the King James Version Ardath; Syriac and Ethiopic have Arphad): A certain field where Ezr communed with God (2 Esdras 9:26). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ARDAT'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ARCTURUS ark-tu'-rus: The "Plough" or "Charles's Wain" is intended. See ASTRONOMY, sec. II, 13. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ARCTURUS'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ARCHIVES ar'-kivs (the more correct the Revised Version (British and American) rendition of beth ciphrayya', in Ezra 6:1, "house of the archives" instead of "house of rolls" as in the King James Version): A part of the royal treasure-house (5:17), in which important state documents were kept. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibl

ARCHITES ar'-kits (ha-'arki; the King James Version Archi): A clan mentioned in connection with the marking of the southern boundary of Joseph (Joshua 16:2). The phrase (gebhul ha-'arki `aTaroth) offers difficulties, and it has been suggested that the order of the last two words be changed to read "the border of Ataroth-of-the-Archites." See ATARO

ARCHIPPUS ar-kip'-us (Archippos): Addressed by Paul in his letter to Philem, as "our fellow-soldier"; probably a member of Philem's family circle, holding some official position in the church (Colossians 4:17; Philemon 1:2). See APPHIA. The tradition that he was one of the seventy disciples, became bishop of Laodicea and later became a martyr, see

ARCHITECTURE ar'-ki-tek-tur: _I. GENERAL HISTORY_ 1. Plans, Estimates and Measuring 2. Old Testament References _II. TEMPLE AND PALACE OF SOLOMON_ 1. Construction and Materials 2. Style 3. Facts 4. Phoenician Designers _III. CONCLUSIONS FROM ACTUAL REMAINS_ 1. Defense Walls 2. Streets 3. Absence of the "Grand Manner" 4. Solomonic Detai

ARCHI ar'-ki. See ARCHITES. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ARCHI'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ARCHEVITE ar'-ke-vit (Kethibh, 'arkawey; Qere, 'arkewaye'): One of the tribes which Osnappar transplanted to swell the mixed multitudes in the cities of Samaria (Ezra 4:9). The Archevites were the inhabitants of Erech, one of the four cities originally founded by Nimrod in Babylonia. (For its modern site compare Loftus, Travels in Chaldea and Susi

ARCHERY ar'-cher-i: (1) The art of using the arcus, or bow and arrow for hunting and in battle is of great antiquity. It is mentioned in Genesis 21:20, as well as in the Iliad and the Odyssey, and depicted on Egyptian monuments and in Assyrian sculptures. The Philistines excelled in the art, which led David to order that special training in it be

ARCHANGEL ark-an'-jel. See ANGEL. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ARCHANGEL'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ARCHELAUS ar-ke-la'-us (Archelaos, Matthew 2:22): Son of Herod the Great by his wife Malthace. He succeeded on his father's death to the government of Judea, Samaria and Idumaea, but was deposed by the Romans for misgovernment in 6 AD. See HEROD. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. Gen

ARCHAEOLOGY; ARCHAEOLOGY AND CRITICISM ar-ke-ol'-o-ji, krit'-i-siz'-m: Archaeology, the science of antiquities, is in this article limited to the Biblical field, a field which has been variously delimited (De Wette, 1814, Gesenius), but which properly includes not only all ancient facts bearing upon the Bible which had been lost and have been reco

ARCHAEOLOGY OF ASIA MINOR See ASIA MINOR, ARCHAEOLOGY OF. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ARCHAEOLOGY OF ASIA MINOR'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ARBONAI ar-bo'-nai, ar-bo'na-i (Abrona): A torrent mentioned in Judith 2:24. Beyond what is indicated in this passage, it is not possible to determine the location; but from this it appears to have been near Cilicia. Identification with the modern Nahr Ibrahim is rejected on the ground (1) that the ancient name of this river was Adonis, and (2) th

ARCH arch ('ayil; Septuagint ta ailam, in sense of "posts" or "colonnade"): Referred to repeatedly in Ezekiel 40:16, but translation is an error for "porch" or "portico." the Revised Version (British and American) gives in marg, "or, colonnade. The meaning of the Hebrew word is uncertain." The principle of arch construction was known to the Jews a

ARBITE ar'-bit (ha-'arbi): The Arbite or perhaps an inhabitant of Arabia in southern Judah (Joshua 15:52). The epithet is used in connection with one of David's mighty men in 2 Samuel 23:35; where Paarai the Arbite occurs. In the parallel list (1 Chronicles 11:37) we have Naarai the son of Ezbai. Copyright Statement These files are public domain.

ARBELA ar-be'-la (en Arbelois): This place is mentioned in 1 Macc 9:1, and in Ant, XII, xi, 1, describing the march and encampment of Bacchides. The former says that "Demetrius sent Bacchides and Alcimus into the land of Judea .... who went forth by the way that leadeth to Galgala, and pitched their tents before Masaloth, which is in Arbela, and a

ARBATTA ar-bat'-a, ar-bat'-is the King James Version Arbattis, (en Arbattois (plural)): Apparently a district in the neighborhood of Galilee, from which the Jews who were in danger of attack by the heathen were carried by Simon Maccabeus to Jerusalem (1 Macc 5:21). It cannot be identified with certainty. Ewald (Hist, V, 314, English translation) f

ARBATHITE ar'-bath-it (ha-`arbhathi): Perhaps "a native of the Arabah." Klostermann suggests "a native of Beth-arabah." The Arbathite is Abi-albon (2 Samuel 23:31), also named Abiel (1 Chronicles 11:32), one of David's heroes. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry

ARBA, CITY OF See KIRIATH-ARBA. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ARBA, CITY OF'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.