COMPARATIVE RELIGION kom-par'-a-tiv: $ I. THE SUBJECT IN GENERAL$ 1. Universality of Religion 2. Theories of Its Origin and Growth of Religion 3. Evolution $ II. RELATION OF CHRISTIANITY TO ETHNIC FAITHS AND THEIR TENETS$ 1. Karma 2. God 3. The Summum Bonum 4. Self-Revelation of God 5. Incarnation 6. Salvation 7. Faith 8. Approach to G

COMPARE kom-par' (damah, mashal, [`arakh]; paraballo, sugkrino): "Compare" is the translation of damah, "to be like" (Song of Solomon 1:9); of mashal, "to liken," "compare" (Isaiah 46:5); of `arakh, "to set in array," "compare" (Psalms 89:6; Isaiah 40:18); of shawah, "to be equal" (Proverbs 3:15; 8:11). In the New Testament sugkrino, "to judge" o

COMPANY kum'-pa-ni: The fertility of the original languages in synonyms and varied shades of meaning is seen by the fact that 20 Hebrew and 12 Greek words are represented by this single term. An analysis of these words shows that "company" is both an indefinite and limitless term, signifying few or many, and all kinds of assemblages of people, e.g

COMPACT; COMPACTED kom-pakt', kom-pakt'-ed (chabhar, "to be joined"; sumbibazo, "to raise up together"): "Compact" appears as translation of chabhar in Psalms 122:3, "Jerus .... a city that is compact together" (well built, its breaches restored, walls complete, and separate from all around it); and "compacted" (sumbibazo) occurs in the King James

COMMUNION; (FELLOWSHIP) ko-mun'-yun: The terms "communion" and "fellowship" of the English Bible are varying translations of the words koinonia, and koinoneo, or their cognates. They designate acts of fellowship observed among the early Christians or express the unique sense of unity and fellowship of which these acts were the outward expression.

COMMUNE; COMMUNICATE; COMMUNICATION ko-mun', komun'-i-kat, ko-mu-ni-ka'-shun: To commune is to converse confidentially and sympathetically. It is represented in both Hebrew and Greek by several words literally signifying to speak (compare Luke 6:11, dialaleo; also Luke 22:4; Acts 24:26, homileo). To communicate is to impart something to another, s

COMMONWEALTH kom'-un-welth (politeia): Spoken of theocracy (Ephesians 2:12). The same word is rendered "freedom," the King James Version; "citizenship" the Revised Version (British and American). Also in the sense of commonwealth in the Apocrypha (2 Macc 4:11; 8:17; 13:14); in the sense of citizenship (3 Macc 3:21,23). See CITIZENSHIP. Copyright

COMMON kom'-un: koinos, in the classics, and primarily in the New Testament, means what is public, general, universal, as contrasted with idios, what is peculiar, individual, not shared with others. Thus, "common faith" (Titus 1:4), "common salvation" (Jude 1:3), refer to that in which the experience of all Christians unites and is identical: "com

COMMODIOUS ko-mo'-di-us (aneuthetos, "not well placed"): The word occurs only in Acts 27:12. "As regards wintering, the place was certainly `not commodious,' but as regards shelter from some winds (including Northwest), it was a good anchorage" (Code of Hammurabi, XXIII, 639). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Informa

COMMERCE kom'-ers (emporia): $ I. Old Testament Times.$ 1. Early Overland Commerce: There were forces in early Hebrew life not favorable to the development of commerce. Intercourse with foreigners was not encouraged by Israel's social and religious customs. From the days of the appearance of the Hebrews in Canaan, however, some commercial contac

COMMIT ko-mit': Used in two senses: (1) "To give in charge" or "entrust": sim, "to put" (Job 5:8); galal, "to roll" (Psalms 37:5; Proverbs 16:3); paqadh, "to give, in charge" (Psalms 31:5 the King James Version; compare Luke 23:46); tithemi, "committed to us (the Revised Version, margin "placed in us") the word of reconciliation" (2 Corinthians

COMMENTARY kom'-en-ta-ri (midhrash, "an investigation," from darash, "to search," "inquire," "explore"; the King James Version "story"): "The commentary of the prophet Iddo" (2 Chronicles 13:22), "the commentary of the book of the kings" (2 Chronicles 24:27). In these passages the word is not used exactly in its modern sense. The Hebrew term means

COMMENTARIES kom'-en-ta-riz: $ I. THE WORD--GENERAL SCOPE$ $ II. DIFFERENCES IN CHARACTER OF COMMENTARIES$ $ III. RANGE OF COMMENTARIES$ 1. Early Commentaries (1) Origen, etc. (2) Chrysostom, etc. 2. Scholastic Period Nicolas de Lyra 3. Reformation and Post-Reformation Periods (1) Luther and Calvin (2) Beza, Grotius, etc. (3) Later Writ

COMMENTARIES, HEBREW he'-broo: $ 1. Philo Judaeus$ $ 2. Targum$ $ 3. Midrash$ $ 4. Talmud$ $ 5. Karaites$ $ 6. Middle Ages$ (1) Saadia ben Joseph (2) Rashi (3) Joseph Kara (4) Abraham ibn Ezra (5) Qimchis (6) Maimonides (7) Maimunists (8) Kabbalists (9) The "Zohar" (10) Isaac Arama $ 7. Modern Times$ Abarbanel $ 8. The Bi'urists$

COMMANDMENTS, THE TEN See COMMANDMENT; TEN COMMANDMENTS. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'COMMANDMENTS, THE TEN'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

COMMEND ko-mend': (1) For paratithemi (Luke 23:46), translating the Hebrew paqadh (Psalms 31:5), in the dying words of Jesus: "Into thy hands I commend my Spirit." the King James Version in Psalms has the more general word "commit." The use of the Greek word in the sense of "deposit what belongs to one into the hands of another" is not uncommon i

COMMANDMENT; COMMANDMENTS ko-mand'-ment (mitswah; entole): The commandments are, first of all, prescriptions, or directions of God, concerning particular matters, which He wanted observed with reference to circumstances as they arose, in a period when He spake immediately and with greater frequency than afterward. They were numerous, minute, and r

COMING, SECOND See PAROUSIA. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'COMING, SECOND'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

COMMANDMENT, THE NEW nu (entole kaine): The word "commandment" is used in the English versions of the Old Testament to translate several Hebrew words, more especially those meaning "word" (dabhar) as the ten words of God (Exodus 34:28) or king's "command" (Esther 1:12); "precept" (mitswah) of God (Deuteronomy 4:2), of a king (2 Kings 18:36); "mout

COMING OF CHRIST See ADVENT; PAROUSIA. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'COMING OF CHRIST'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.