DUST dust (`aphar; koniortos, chous): Small particles of earth. The word has several figurative and symbolic meanings: (1) Dust being the material out of which God is said to have formed man (Genesis 2:7), it became a symbol of man's frailty (Psalms 103:14, "For he knoweth our frame; he remembereth that we are dust"; compare Genesis 18:27; Job 4:

DUTY du'-ti (dabhar; opheilo): The word duty occurs only three times in the Old Testament and twice in the New Testament. In the Old Testament it is the translation of dabhar, which, meaning originally "speech," or "word," came to denote any particular "matter" that had to be attended to. In the two places where it is rendered "duty" (2 Chronicles

DURE dur (proskairos): Used for "endure" (which see), the King James Version Matthew 13:21 (the Revised Version (British and American) "endureth"). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DURE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DURA du'-ra (dura'): The name of the plain on which Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, set up the great golden image which all his subjects were ordered to worship (Daniel 3:1). Oppert placed it to the Southeast of Babylon, near a small river and mounds bearing the name of Douair or Duair, where, also, was what seemed to be the base of a great statu

DUNGEON dun'-jun. See PRISON. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DUNGEON'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DUMB dum (alam, 'illem, literally, "tied in the tongue"; kophos): Used either as expressing the physical condition of speechlessness, generally associated with deafness, or figuratively as meaning the silence produced by the weight of God's judgments (Psalms 39:2-9; Daniel 10:15) or the oppression of external calamity (Psalms 38:13). As an adjecti

DUNG; DUNG GATE dung ('ashpoth, domen, peresh; skubalon, etc.): Nine different words occurring in the Hebrew have been translated "dung" in the Old Testament. The word used to designate one of the gates of Jerusalem ('ashpoth, Nehemiah 2:13; 3:14) is more general than the others and may mean any kind of refuse. The gate was probably so named becau

DULCIMER dul'-si-mer. See MUSIC under Nebhel and Sumphonia. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DULCIMER'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DUMAH du'-ma (dumah, "silence"): This word occurs in the Old Testament with the following significations: (1) the land of silence or death, the grave (Psalms 94:17; 115:17); (2) a town in the highlands of Judah between Hebron and Beersheba, now ed-Daume (Joshua 15:52); (3) an emblematical designation of Edom in the obscure oracle (Isaiah 21:11,

DUKE duk: The rendering in the King James Version in Genesis 36:15; Exodus 15:15, and 1 Chronicles 1:51 of 'alluph (the American Standard Revised Version and the English Revised Version, margin "chief"), and in Joshua 13:21 of necikhim ("dukes," the Revised Version (British and American) "princes"). It occurs also, as the rendering of strategos, i

DUE du. See DUTY. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DUE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DRUSILLA droo-sil'-a (Drousilla, or Drousilla): Wife of Felix, a Jewess, who along with her husband "heard (Paul) concerning the faith in Christ Jesus" during Paul's detention in Caesarea (Acts 24:24). Beta text gives the rendering "Drusilla the wife of Felix, a Jewess, asked to see Paul and to hear the word." The fact that Drusilla was a Jewess

DUALISM du'-al-iz'-m. See PHILOSOPHY. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DUALISM'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DRUNKENNESS drunk'-'-n-nes (raweh, shikkaron, shethi; methe): $I. Its Prevalance.$ The Bible affords ample proof that excessive drinking of intoxicants was a common vice among the Hebrews, as among other ancient peoples. This is evident not only from individual cases of intoxication, as Noah (Genesis 9:21), Lot (Genesis 19:33,15), Nabal (1 Samuel

DROWNING droun'-ing. See PUNISHMENTS. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DROWNING'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DRUM drum (tumpanon): This was the Hebrew toph, "tabret" or "timbrel," a hand-drum, consisting of a ring of wood or metal covered with a tightly drawn skin, with small pieces of metal hung around the rim, like a tambourine. It was raised in the one hand and struck with the other, usually by women, but sometimes also by men, at festivities and on o

DROVE drov. See CATTLE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DROVE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DROUGHT drout. See FAMINE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DROUGHT'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

DROSS dros (sigh): The refuse of smelting of precious metal (Proverbs 25:4; 26:23); used figuratively of what is base or worthless (Isaiah 1:22,25; Ezekiel 22:18,19; Psalms 119:119). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'DROSS'". "International Standard Bible

DROPSY drop'-si (hudropikos, "a man afflicted with hudrops or dropsy"): Both forms of this disease occur in Palestine, that in which the limbs and body are distended with water called anasarca, depending generally on cardiac or renal disease, and the form confined to the abdomen, usually the result of liver infection. The latter is the commoner, a