ISAAC, TESTAMENT OF See APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ISAAC, TESTAMENT OF'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ISAIAH, 1-7 i-za'-ya, i-zi'-a: 1. Name 2. Personal History 3. Call 4. Literary Genius and Style 5. Traditions concerning His Martyrdom 6. Period 7. Analysis and Contents 8. Isaiah's Prophecies Chronologically Arranged 9. The Critical Problem (1) The History of Criticism (2) The Disintegration of "Deutero-Isaiah" (3) Recent Views (4) Th

ISAAC i'-zak:oIT- (CS:HebrewIT+`iruIT-/CS): Eldest son of Caleb (1 Chronicles 4:15); probably to be read Ir, the syllable "-u" being the conjunction "and" belonging to the following word. I. NAME 1. Root, Forms, Analogues 2. Implication II. FAMILY AND KINDRED 1. Birth and Place in the Family 2. Relation to the Religious Birthright 3. Signif

IRU i'-roo (`iru): Eldest son of Caleb (1 Chronicles 4:15); probably to be read Ir, the syllable "-u" being the conjunction "and" belonging to the following word. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRU'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IRREVERENCE i-rev'-er-ens. See CRIME, CRIMES. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRREVERENCE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IRRIGATION ir-i-ga'-shun: No equivalent for this word is found in Biblical writings, although the use of irrigation for maintaining vegetable life is frequently implied (Ecclesiastes 2:5,6; Isaiah 58:11). To one familiar with the methods of irrigation practiced in Palestine, Syria and Egypt, the passage, "where thou sowedst thy seed, and wateredst

IRPEEL ur'-pe-el, ir'-pe-el (yirpe'el): An unidentified city in Benjamin (Joshua 18:27). It may possibly be represented by Rafat, a ruin to the North of el-Jib, the ancient Gibeon. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRPEEL'". "International Standard Bible E

IRON (1) i'-urn (barzel; sideros): It is generally believed that the art of separating iron from its ores and making it into useful forms was not known much earlier than 1000 BC, and that the making of brass (bronze) antedates it by many centuries, in spite of the frequent Biblical references where brass and iron occur together. This conjecture is

IRON (2) i'-ron (yir'on): One of the fenced cities in the territory of Naphtali, named with Migdal-el and En-hazor (Joshua 19:38). It is represented by the modern Yarun, a village with the ruins of a synagogue, at one time used as a monastery, fully 6 miles West of Qedes. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information

IRI i'-ri (`iri). See IR; URIAS. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRI'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IRIJAH i-ri'-ja (yir'iyayh, "Yah sees"): A captain at the gate of Benjamin in Jerusalem, who arrested Jeremiah the prophet on suspicion of intending to desert to the Chaldeans (Jeremiah 37:13,14). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRIJAH'". "International

IRAM i'-ram (`iram; Septuagint variously in Gen): A "chief" of Edom (Genesis 36:43 parallel 1 Chronicles 1:54). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRAM'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IRA i'-ra (`ira'; Eiras): (1) A person referred to in 2 Samuel 20:26 as "priest" (so the Revised Version (British and American) correctly; the King James Version "a chief ruler," the American Standard Revised Version "chief minister") unto David. The translation of the Revised Version (British and American) is the only possible one; but, according

IRAD i'-rad (`iradh; Septuagint Gaidad): Grandson of Cain and son of Enoch (Genesis 4:18). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IRAD'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IR-NAHASH ur-na'-hash, ir-na'-hash (`ir nachash): A town of Judah of which Tehinnah is called the "father," probably meaning "founder" (1 Chronicles 4:12). English Versions of the Bible margin suggests the translation "city of Nahash." Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor

IR-SHEMESH ur-she'-mesh, ir-she'-mesh (`ir shemesh, "city of the sun"). See BETH-SHEMESH; HERES. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IR-SHEMESH'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IR ir (`ir): A descendant of Benjamin (1 Chronicles 7:12), called Iri in 1 Chronicles 7:7. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IR'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IR-HA-HERES ir-ha-he'-rez (`ir haherec, according to the Massoretic Text, Aquila, Theodotion, Septuagint, the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American); according to some Hebrew manuscripts, Symmachus, and the Vulgate, `ir ha-cherec): A city of Egypt referred to in Isaiah 19:18. Jewish quarrels concerning the temple which O

IPHTAH if'-ta (yiphtach; the King James Version Jiphtah): An unidentified town in the Shephelah of Judah, named with Libnab, Ether and Ashan (Joshua 15:43). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'IPHTAH'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

IPHTAH-EL if'-ta-el (yiphtach-'el; the King James Version Jiphtah-el): The valley of Iphtah-el lay on the North border of Zebulun (Joshua 19:14,27). Northwest of the plain of el-Battauf stands a steep hill, connected only by a low saddle with the hills on the North. The name Tell Jefat suggests the Jotapata of Josephus (BJ, III, vi, i; vii, i, etc