LITERATURE, SUB-APOSTOLIC, 1 lit'-er-a-tur, sub-ap-os-tol'-ik (Christian): I. EPISTLE OF CLEMENT TO THE CORINTHIANS 1. Authorship and Date 2. Occasion and Contents 3. Apologetic Testimony 4. Doctrinal Testimony 5. Office-Bearers and Organization 6. Ritual II. THE DIDACHE 1. Disappearance and Recovery 2. Date 3. Standpoint, Authorship and

LITERATURE, SUB-APOSTOLIC, 2 V. Papias Fragments. 1. Author and Date: Papias is called by his younger contemporary Irenaeus (v.33) a "disciple of John and friend of Polycarp." Eusebius writes (Historia Ecclesiastica, III, 36) that he was episkopos of Hierapolis in Phrygia. The Chronicon Paschale (7th century, but embodying materials from older do

LIST A variant of "lust" (see LUST), meaning "to wish," found in the King James Version of Matthew 17:12 parallel Mark 9:13; John 3:8, as translation of thelo, and in James 3:4 as translation of boulomai. The last case the English Revised Version has rendered "will," and the American Standard Revised Version has made the same change throughout. The

LIQUOR lik'-er: Every sort of intoxicating liquor except the beverage prepared from the juice of the grape (yayin), according to the usage of the Old Testament, is comprehended under the generic term shekhar (compare shakhar, to "be drunk"), rendered "strong drink" (compare Greek sikera in Luke 1:15). The two terms, yayin and shekhar, "wine" and "

LION li'-un: (1) Occurring most often in the Old Testament is 'aryeh, plural 'ardyoth. Another form, 'ari, plural 'arayim, is found less often. 1. Names: Compare 'ari'el, "Ariel" (Ezra 8:16; Isaiah 29:1,2,7); char'el, "upper altar," and 'ari'el, "altar hearth" (Ezekiel 43:15); 'aryeh, "Arieh" (2 Kings 15:25); 'ar'eli, "Areli" and "Arelites" (Gen

LIP (saphah, sepheth, "lip," "language," "speech," "talk" (also "rim," "border," "shore," "bank," etc.), sapham, "(upper) lip," "moustache," "beard"; cheilos, "lip" (also once, "shore" in the quotation Hebrews 11:12 equals Genesis 22:17)): (1) Lips stand in oriental idiom for speech or language, like "mouth," "tongue"; therefore they stand in para

LINTEL lin'-tel. See HOUSE, II, 1, (4). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'LINTEL'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

LINUS li'-nus (Linos (2 Timothy 4:21)): One of Paul's friends in Rome during his second and last imprisonment in that city. He was one of the few who remained faithful to the apostle, even when most of the Christians had forsaken him. And writing to Timothy when he realized that his execution could not be very far distant--for he was now ready to

LINEAGE lin'-e-aj (patria): Found only once in Luke 2:4 (the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "family"), and signifying the line of paternal family descent. A word pregnant in meaning among the Jews, who kept all family records with religious care, as may be seen from the long genealogical records found everywhere in

LINEN lin'-en (badh, "white linen," used chiefly for priestly robes, buts, "byssus," a fine white Egyptian linen, called in the earlier writings shesh; pesheth, "flax," cadhin; bussos, othonion, linon, sindon): Thread or cloth made of flax. 1. History: Ancient Egypt was noted for its fine linen (Genesis 41:42; Isaiah 19:9). From it a large expor

LINE lin (qaw, chebhel): Usually of a measuring line, as Jeremiah 31:39; Ezekiel 47:3; Zechariah 1:16 (qaw); Psalms 78:55; Amos 7:17; Zechariah 2:1 (chebhel). Other Hebrew words mean simply a cord or thread (Joshua 2:18,21; 1 Kings 7:15; Ezekiel 40:3). In Psalms 19:4 (qaw, "Their line is gone out through all the earth"), the reference is probably

LIMIT lim'-it (gebhul, "bound"): Occurs once in Ezekiel 43:12 ("limit" of holy mountain). "Limited" (Psalms 78:41) and "limiteth" (horizo, Hebrews 4:7) are changed in the Revised Version (British and American) to "provoked" (the margin retains "limited") and "defineth" respectively. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography I

LILY-WORK The ornament of the capitals on the bronze pillars, Jachin and Boaz, in front of Solomon's temple (1 Kings 7:19,22). See LILY; TEMPLE; JACHIN AND BOAZ. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'LILY-WORK'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 19

LIME lim (1) sidh; compare Arabic shad, "to plaster"; (2) gir; compare Arabic jir, "gypsum" or "quick-lime"; (3) 'abene-ghir): Sidh is translated "lime" in Isaiah 33:12, "And the peoples shall be as the burnings of lime, as thorns cut down, that are burned in the fire," and in Amos 2:1, "He burned the bones of the king of Edom into lime." It is

LILY lil'-i (shushan (1 Kings 7:19), shoshannah (2 Chronicles 4:5; Song of Solomon 2:1; Hosea 14:5); plural (Song of Solomon 2:16; 4:5; 5:13; 6:2; 7:2; Ecclesiasticus 39:14; 50:8); krinon (Matthew 6:28; Luke 12:27)): The Hebrew is probably a loan word from the Egyptian the original s-sh-n denoting the lotus-flower, Nymphaea lotus. This was probabl

LILITH lil'-ith, li'-lith. See NIGHT-MONSTER. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'LILITH'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

LIKHI lik'-hi (liqchi): A descendant of Manasseh (1 Chronicles 7:19). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'LIKHI'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

LIGN-ALOES lin-al'-oz, lig-nal'-oz. See ALOES. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'LIGN-ALOES'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

LIGURE lig'-ur (Exodus 28:19; 39:12 the King James Version, the Revised Version (British and American) "jacinth"). See STONES, PRECIOUS. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'LIGURE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

LIGHT; LIGHTNESS lit'-nes: "Light" is used in Scripture, as in ordinary speech, in the sense of what is small, slight, trivial, easy; "lightness" with the connotation of vacillation or lasciviousness. Thus in the Old Testament, "a light thing," a small, easy, slight thing (qalal, 2 Kings 3:18; Isaiah 49:6; Ezekiel 8:17; 22:7, in the last case "to