RUFUS roo'-fus (Rhouphos): The name is mentioned twice: (1) Simon of Cyrene, who was compelled to bear the cross of Jesus, is "the father of Alexander and Rufus" (Mark 15:21); (2) Paul sends greetings to Roman Christians, "Rufus the chosen in the Lord, and his mother and mine" (Romans 16:13). Rufus was well known among those for whom Mark prima

RUDIMENTS roo'-di-ments (stoicheia, plural of stoicheion (Galatians 4:3,9; Colossians 2:8,20; Hebrews 5:12; 2 Peter 3:10,12)): This word occurs 7 t in the New Testament, and the King James Version translates it in three different ways. In the two passages in Galatians, and in the two in 2 Peter, it is rendered "elements." In the two passages in Co

RUDE rood: Not "impolite" in English Versions of the Bible (except perhaps 2 Macc 12:14), but "untrained," "ignorant"; compare the modern phrase, "a rude drawing." So Sirach 8:4 (apaideutos) and 2 Corinthians 11:6 (idiotes, `though I lack technical training in rhetoric'); compare the King James Version and the Revised Version margin Sirach 21:24.

RUDDER; RUDDER-BANDS rud'-er. See SHIPS AND BOATS, III, 2, (3). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'RUDDER; RUDDER-BANDS'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

RUBY roo'-bi. See STONES, PRECIOUS. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'RUBY'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROYAL CITY See ROYAL, (2), (4). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROYAL CITY'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROWER; ROWING ro'-er, ro'-ing. See SHIPS AND BOATS, III, 1. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROWER; ROWING'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROYAL roi'-al: Either belonging to a king (kingdom) or having kingly power, dignity, authority, etc. In Hebrew, the word is expressed by using different nouns in the gen. case (the "construct state"). They are: (1) melekh, "king": "Asher .... shall yield royal dainties," literally, choice morsels of the king, meaning fit for a king (Genesis 49:2

ROTE rot: the Revised Version margin gives "learned by rote" in Isaiah 29:13 for the King James Version "taught," which indicates that the service of Yahweh was merely formal. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROTE'". "International Standard Bible Encyclop

ROT; ROTTENNESS rot, rot'-'-n-nes (verb raqebh, noun raqabh (riqqabhon, Job 41:27), with maq, "decay" (Isaiah 5:24), and `abhash, "shrivel" (so Joel 1:17 the Revised Version margin)): "Rottenness of the bones" (Proverbs 12:4; 14:30; Habakkuk 3:16) is ulceration (caries) of the bones, used as an example of an intensely painful disease. the King Jam

ROSH (1) rosh, rosh (ro'sh): A son or grandson of Benjamin (Genesis 46:21). Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROSH (1)'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROSH (2) (ro'sh; Rhos, variant (Q margin) kephales; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) capiris): 1. Rosh and Its Renderings: This name occurs in the prophecies against Gog in Ezekiel 38:2,3 and 39:1, where the King James Version has "Gog, the land of Magog, the chief prince of Meshech and Tubal." This translation is due to ro'sh being t

ROSE roz: (1) (chabhatstseleth; anthos, "a flower" (Song of Solomon 2:1) krinon, "a lily" (Isaiah 35:1)): By general consent English Versions of the Bible is wrong: in Song of Solomon 2:1 margin reads "Hebrew habazzeleth, the autumn crocus" and in Isaiah 35:1, margin reads "or autumn crocus." This is the Colchicum autumnale (Natural Order, Liliace

ROOT OF JESSE (shoresh yishay (Isaiah 11:10); rhiza tou Iessai (Romans 15:12)): The Hebrew and Greek words are practically the same in meaning. "Root" means descendant, branch of the family or stock. The Messianic king was to be of the family of Jesse the father of David. In Romans 15:12 Paul quotes the Septuagint of Isaiah 11:10. Jesus is a branc

ROPE rop: Used in the Old Testament for chebhel, "that which binds" (2 Samuel 17:13, etc.), and for `abhoth, "that which is woven" (Judges 15:13, etc.). In neither word is any specified thickness or strength connoted, and chebhel is translated equally well by "line" (2 Samuel 8:2, etc.) or "cord" (Joshua 2:15, etc.), and `abhoth by "cord" (Psalms

ROOT OF DAVID See DAVID, ROOT OF. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROOT OF DAVID'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROOM room. See HOUSE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROOM'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROOT root (shoresh; rhiza): Frequently mentioned in the Old Testament and New Testament, but almost always in a figurative sense, e.g. "root of the righteous" (Proverbs 12:3,12); "root that beareth gall" (Deuteronomy 29:18); "Their root shall be as rottenness" (Isaiah 5:24); "root of bitterness" (Hebrews 12:15). Also of peoples: "they whose root i

ROOF-CHAMBER See HOUSE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROOF-CHAMBER'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.

ROOF roof. See HOUSE. Copyright Statement These files are public domain. Bibliography Information Orr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Entry for 'ROOF'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". 1915.